Moral Regulation: A Dual System Perspective

道德规范：双轨制视角

• 批准号: 1053139
• 负责人: Ronnie Janoff-Bulman
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1053139&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Moral; Regulation; Dual; System; Perspective

People generally know right from wrong and strive to be valued members of society, which involves abiding by moral standards of conduct. Moral failures nevertheless abound. Psychology has witnessed a burgeoning interest in morality, yet little attention has been paid to motivational and self-regulatory processes in the moral domain. This is the focus of the proposed research, which distinguishes between two regulatory systems and seeks to chart their unique roles in moral successes and failures. In particular, the researchers identify two types of moral regulation: prescriptive morality, an approach system that focuses on "shoulds," and proscriptive morality, a system that focuses on "should nots." This new dual system perspective suggests paradoxical pathways to immoral acts, including routes to immorality associated with over-regulation rather than the more obvious case of under-regulation. The research also illustrates the moral risks associated with reliance on a single regulatory system.The researchers will investigate the nature and implications of this dual regulatory system in nine empirical studies that rely on diverse research methods. The first three studies examine factors associated with prescriptive and proscriptive regulation in order to gain a better understanding of their similarities and differences. These include separate explorations of brain activities, parenting style, and moral self-regard associated with these two modes of moral regulation. Four additional studies investigate actual moral behavior, both failures (cheating) and successes (helping behavior), in an attempt to uncover the distinct mechanisms underlying moral and immoral acts within each regulatory system. The final two studies are exploratory investigations of two domains that may profit from a dual regulatory perspective; the first focuses on power, and in particular the relationship between power and moral transgressions, and the second examines differences in people's reactions to transgressors, specifically punitive versus forgiving responses. Overall these studies seek to better understand distinct paths to morality and immorality and the unexpected ways in which moral regulation can lead to moral failures rather than successes, sometimes even despite good intentions. This is an important step in working towards creating a more moral society.

人们通常能明辨是非，努力成为社会的重要成员，这就需要遵守行为的道德标准。然而，道德上的失败比比皆是。心理学对道德的兴趣日益浓厚，但对道德领域中的动机和自我调节过程却关注甚少。这是拟议研究的重点，它区分了两个监管系统，并试图绘制他们在道德成功和失败的独特作用。 特别是，研究人员确定了两种类型的道德规范：规定性道德，一种关注“应该”的方法系统，以及禁止性道德，一种关注“不应该”的系统。“这种新的二元系统观点表明了不道德行为的自相矛盾的途径，包括与过度监管相关的不道德途径，而不是更明显的监管不足情况。 本研究还阐明了依赖单一监管体系所带来的道德风险。研究人员将通过9项实证研究，采用不同的研究方法，对这种双重监管体系的性质和影响进行调查。前三项研究考察了与规定性和禁止性监管相关的因素，以更好地了解它们的相似性和差异。 这些研究包括对大脑活动、父母教养方式以及与这两种道德调节模式相关的道德自尊的单独探索。 另外四项研究调查了实际的道德行为，包括失败（欺骗）和成功（帮助行为），试图揭示每个监管系统中道德和不道德行为的不同机制。最后两项研究是两个领域的探索性调查，可能会从双重监管的角度受益;第一个侧重于权力，特别是权力和道德违规之间的关系，第二个研究人们对违规者的反应，特别是惩罚与宽恕的反应的差异。 总的来说，这些研究试图更好地理解道德和不道德的不同路径，以及道德监管可能导致道德失败而不是成功的意想不到的方式，有时即使是善意的。这是努力建立一个更道德的社会的重要一步。