CAREER: Understanding CO2-Fluid-Mineral Interfacial Reactions for Sustainable Geologic CO2 Sequestration: An Integrated Research and Education Plan

地质二氧化碳封存（GCS）被认为是减少人为二氧化碳排放最有效和最有希望的策略之一。该研究将为理解地质二氧化碳封存策略的长期可持续性提供基础，重点关注纳米级界面地球化学过程。流体-矿物界面上的纳米级反应强烈影响重要环境过程的机制和动力学，这些反应对于理解GCS系统中的过程也至关重要。提出的研究计划将为解决不同尺度（从纳米尺度到宏观尺度）数据之间的反应动力学差异以及地质CO2注入系统中实验室和现场数据之间的差异提供基础。拟议的研究将侧重于获取有关反应途径和速率的新的和更准确的信息，包括识别以前未检测到的关键纳米尺度-中尺度过程，使用一系列与多孔介质中反应空间规模相匹配的方法：互补水生地球化学；独特而强大的工具，在现场时间分辨同步加速器为基础的x射线技术和在现场流动通过原子力显微镜。虽然目前有一些数据可用，但地质二氧化碳注入系统的不同尺度数据尚未联系起来。可以理解的是，这给政策制定者、工程师以及在二氧化碳封存点附近发展、工作或生活的当地居民带来了困惑。在建立不同尺度之间的联系时，研究者将执行反应输运模型，该模型将结合来自多个尺度的实验和计算模拟数据。此外，通过识别促进二氧化碳储存自破裂充填的地球化学反应，所提出的工作将帮助我们设计新的、安全的、可持续的二氧化碳封存。这些发现还将提高学术界和公众对气候变化和地质二氧化碳封存的理解。研究和教育计划将招募、培训和推广项目结合起来，将覆盖多样化的受众，并扩大未被充分代表的少数群体在环境科学和工程领域的参与。该项目扩大了研究和教育的基础设施，与K-12教师合作，开发了以研究为基础的教育工具包。图书馆吗?以及针对当地K-12学校的能源和环境问题的相关教学模块。它鼓励高中生和本科生直接参与。该项目将通过华盛顿大学的麦克唐纳学院全球能源与环境伙伴关系（MAGEEP）开展国际合作研究活动，加强研究生教育。最后，它将开展外联活动，提高公众对能源-环境关系和温室气体减排战略的认识，包括与华盛顿大学合作举办公开讲座和实践示范。泰森生活学习中心。

Geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) is considered one of the most effective and promising mitigation strategies for increasing anthropogenic CO2. The proposed research will provide the underpinnings for understanding long-term sustainability of geologic CO2 sequestration strategies with a focus on nanoscale interfacial geochemical processes. Nanoscale reactions at fluid-mineral interfaces strongly influence the mechanisms and kinetics of important environmental processes, and these reactions can also be crucial in understanding processes in GCS systems. The proposed research plan will provide the basis for resolving discrepancies in reaction kinetics among data of different scales (from nanoscale to macroscale), and among laboratory and field site data in geologic CO2 injection systems. The proposed research will focus on acquiring new and more accurate information on reaction pathways and rates, including identification of critical nanoscale-mesoscale processes not previously detected, using a range of methods matched to the scale of reaction space in porous media: complementary aquatic geochemistry; the unique and powerful tools of in situ time-resolved synchrotron-based x-ray techniques and in situ flow-through atomic force microscopy. Although currently some data are available, the different scales of data for geologic CO2 injection systems have not been linked. Understandably, this creates confusion for policy makers, engineers, and local populations developing, working on, or living near CO2 sequestration sites. In establishing linkages between different scales, investigator will perform reactive transport modeling which will combine experimental and computationally-simulated data from multiple scales. Furthermore, by identifying geochemical reactions that facilitate self-fracture filling in CO2 storage, the proposed work will help us design new, secure, and sustainable CO2 sequestration. The findings will also improve academic and public understanding of climate change and geologic CO2 sequestration.Integrating recruiting, training, and outreach programs, the research and education plans will reach a diverse audience and broaden the participation of underrepresented minority groups in environmental science and engineering. The project expands the infrastructure for research and education by developing, in collaboration with K-12 teachers, research-based educational kits for a ?lending library? and related teaching modules devoted to energy and environmental issues for local K-12 schools. It encourages direct involvement of high school and undergraduate students. The project will enhance graduate education by including international collaborative research activities through the McDonnell Academy Global Energy and Environment Partnership (MAGEEP) at Washington University. Finally, it will conduct outreach activities to increase public awareness of the energy-environment nexus and greenhouse mitigation strategies, including public lectures and hands-on demonstrations in collaboration with Washington University?s Tyson Living Learning Center.