Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Linking Theories of Attribution, Risk Perception, and Communication to Investigate Risk Management and Safety in an Applied Context

DRMS 博士论文研究：将归因、风险感知和沟通理论联系起来，研究应用背景下的风险管理和安全

• 批准号: 1060433
• 负责人: Katherine McComas
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1060433&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; DRMS; Linking

Psychological studies linking attributions of responsibility for accident causation, risk perception, and safety have largely considered occupational settings, such as factories, and everyday routines, such as driving cars. A second body of scholarship situates attribution of responsibility in the larger context of risk management and seeks to explain how individuals attribute responsibility for preventing accidents (i.e., for ensuring safety) in cultural, moral, and ethical terms. While these two literatures share an attention to risk perceptions, risk management, and risk-taking behavior, no apparent research has attempted their integration. This research links these two approaches to attribution theory with theories of risk perception and communication to explore risk management and safety promotion in three U.S. national parks. With a mandate to conserve natural resources while attracting a diverse visiting public, the National Park Service relies on a variety of risk management techniques to promote visitor safety. In these settings, who (or what) is perceived as responsible for causing injuries, as well as ensuring that such incidents do not occur? To date, limited research has considered these questions. Employing a survey and in-depth interviews, this study will examine the perspectives of park visitors and NPS employees. Awareness of both groups? attributional beliefs, in turn, can help inform future risk communication strategies in parks, especially in locations where engineering or law enforcement strategies are inappropriate or impossible, and given diverse visitor populations.

心理学研究将事故原因、风险感知和安全的责任归因联系起来，主要考虑了职业环境，如工厂，以及日常生活，如驾驶汽车。第二个学术机构将责任归属置于风险管理的更大背景下，并试图解释个人如何为预防事故承担责任（即，为了确保安全）在文化、道德和伦理方面。虽然这两个文献都关注风险认知、风险管理和风险承担行为，但没有明显的研究试图将它们结合起来。本研究将这两种归因理论与风险认知和沟通理论相结合，探讨美国三个国家公园的风险管理和安全促进。 国家公园管理局的任务是保护自然资源，同时吸引多样化的游客，它依靠各种风险管理技术来促进游客安全。在这些情况下，谁（或什么）被认为是造成伤害的责任，以及确保此类事件不会发生？到目前为止，有限的研究已经考虑到这些问题。本研究以问卷调查与深度访谈的方式，探讨公园游客与员工的观点。两个群体的认识？归因信念，反过来，可以帮助告知未来的风险沟通战略，在公园，特别是在工程或执法战略是不适当的或不可能的地方，并考虑到不同的游客群体。