Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Linking Theories of Attribution, Risk Perception, and Communication to Investigate Risk Management and Safety in an Applied Context

将事故原因、风险感知和安全的责任归因联系起来的心理学研究主要考虑了职业环境（如工厂）和日常生活（如开车）。第二种学术研究将责任归因置于风险管理的更大背景下，并试图解释个人如何在文化、道德和伦理方面将预防事故（即确保安全）的责任归因。虽然这两篇文献都关注风险认知、风险管理和冒险行为，但没有明显的研究试图将它们整合起来。本研究将这两种归因理论与风险感知和沟通理论相结合，探讨了美国三个国家公园的风险管理和安全促进。为了保护自然资源，同时吸引不同的游客，国家公园管理局依靠各种风险管理技术来促进游客的安全。在这些情况下，谁（或什么）被认为对造成伤害负责，以及确保此类事件不发生？迄今为止，有限的研究已经考虑了这些问题。采用问卷调查和深度访谈，本研究将探讨公园游客和NPS员工的观点。这两个群体的意识？归因信念反过来可以帮助告知公园未来的风险沟通策略，特别是在工程或执法策略不合适或不可能的地方，以及考虑到不同的游客群体。

Psychological studies linking attributions of responsibility for accident causation, risk perception, and safety have largely considered occupational settings, such as factories, and everyday routines, such as driving cars. A second body of scholarship situates attribution of responsibility in the larger context of risk management and seeks to explain how individuals attribute responsibility for preventing accidents (i.e., for ensuring safety) in cultural, moral, and ethical terms. While these two literatures share an attention to risk perceptions, risk management, and risk-taking behavior, no apparent research has attempted their integration. This research links these two approaches to attribution theory with theories of risk perception and communication to explore risk management and safety promotion in three U.S. national parks. With a mandate to conserve natural resources while attracting a diverse visiting public, the National Park Service relies on a variety of risk management techniques to promote visitor safety. In these settings, who (or what) is perceived as responsible for causing injuries, as well as ensuring that such incidents do not occur? To date, limited research has considered these questions. Employing a survey and in-depth interviews, this study will examine the perspectives of park visitors and NPS employees. Awareness of both groups? attributional beliefs, in turn, can help inform future risk communication strategies in parks, especially in locations where engineering or law enforcement strategies are inappropriate or impossible, and given diverse visitor populations.