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Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Revealing the attitude strength attributes underlying trust in risk managers

DRMS 博士论文研究：揭示风险管理者信任背后的态度强度属性

基本信息

批准号：
1658075
负责人：
Katherine McComas
金额：
$ 2.35万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-02-01 至 2020-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658075&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research DRMS Revealing

项目摘要

The proposed research will improve theoretical understanding of trust in risk communication by integrating considerations of attitude strength into the conceptualization and measurement of trust. While authorities managing environmental risk seek to earn trust from the public, they also want such trust to be strong. That is, they want trust bestowed upon them to last over time, endure bad news cycles, and positively influence people's thinking and behavior. Research in risk communication, however, rarely has focused on how these strength-related qualities of trust are gained or lost. Little is known about how these qualities can be measured and tested in statistical models. The lack of attention in this area is likely due to how the field has conceptualized trust, usually as a construct that inherently takes minimal cognitive effort, allowing people to make decisions about environmental risk without having to engage in complex calculations. The current project synthesizes theories and findings from multiple disciplines to take an alternative approach. The literature of attitude strength suggests that attitudes crystallized through rich knowledge and elaboration will exhibit consequences indicative of strong attitudes: they will persist over time, resist counter-persuasive messages, and strongly affect further information processing and behavior. To argue that trust is inherently based on effortless processing implies that trust cannot exhibit these strength-related consequences. Instead of dismissing the possibility of trust based on cognitively effortful processes, this research examines how communication processes can increase knowledge and elaboration about risk managers which, in turn, can yield stronger forms of trust. This new research propose a theoretical model to study attitude strength attributes of trust in risk communication. According to this model, two attitude-strength attributes (knowledge, elaboration) mediate the relationship between three communication process antecedents (direct interaction, media usage, and discussion with others) and four attitude strength consequences (persistence, resistance, impact on information processing, impact on behavior). To empirically test this alternative model of trust, the projects develops a two-wave online survey using a sample from a local community where there is a salient risk management issue and the three communicative processes can be reasonably observed. Residents within the area to be affected by an environmentally hazardous project will be invited to the online survey via post mail. Respondents will report their communication experiences with, and amount of knowledge and elaboration about a local environmental agency making decisions about the project. They will also rate their level of trust toward the agency in both waves of the survey, allowing measurement of the persistence of trust.

建议的研究将提高风险沟通中的信任的理论理解，将考虑的态度强度的概念化和测量的信任。虽然管理环境风险的当局寻求赢得公众的信任，但他们也希望这种信任是强大的。也就是说，他们希望给予他们的信任能够随着时间的推移而持续下去，忍受坏消息的循环，并积极地影响人们的思想和行为。然而，风险沟通的研究很少关注这些与实力相关的信任品质是如何获得或失去的。关于如何在统计模型中测量和测试这些品质，我们知之甚少。这一领域缺乏关注可能是由于该领域如何将信任概念化，通常是一种固有的认知努力最小的结构，允许人们在不必进行复杂计算的情况下就可以做出有关环境风险的决定。目前的项目综合了多个学科的理论和研究结果，采取了另一种方法。有关态度强度的文献表明，通过丰富的知识和阐述而结晶的态度将表现出强烈态度的后果：它们将随着时间的推移而持续，抵制反说服信息，并强烈影响进一步的信息处理和行为。认为信任本质上是基于毫不费力的处理意味着信任不能表现出这些强度相关的后果。本研究并没有排除基于认知努力过程的信任的可能性，而是探讨了沟通过程如何增加对风险管理人员的知识和阐述，从而产生更强的信任形式。本研究提出了一个理论模型来研究风险沟通中信任的态度强度属性。根据该模型，两个态度强度属性（知识，阐述）调解三个沟通过程的前因（直接互动，媒体使用，与他人讨论）和四个态度强度后果（持久性，阻力，对信息处理的影响，对行为的影响）之间的关系。为了实证检验这种替代模型的信任，该项目开发了一个两波的在线调查，使用的样本来自当地社区，有一个突出的风险管理问题和三个沟通过程可以合理地观察。受环境危害项目影响的区域内的居民将被邀请通过邮寄方式参加在线调查。受访者将报告他们与当地环境机构就项目做出决策的沟通经验、知识和详细说明。他们还将在两波调查中评估他们对该机构的信任程度，以衡量信任的持久性。