Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Development of Genomic Methods to Clarify the Evolution of Life History Trade-offs.

博士论文改进：开发基因组方法来阐明生命史权衡的演变。

• 批准号: 1061370
• 负责人: Derek Wildman
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Wayne State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-15 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1061370&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Development; Genomic

Pregnancy is a hallmark of reproductive success, yet historically little attention has been paid to the study of nonhuman primate pregnancy relative to other key factors in reproduction such as sexual selection, competition, and parental care of offspring. This study builds on others to further develop an accurate New World monkey phylogeny that allows changes in life history traits to be traced within an evolutionary context. This research also advances a female in science and trains high school and undergraduate students in laboratory techniques and genetics.The research takes a comparative genomic and phylogenetic approach to examine the role of pregnancy with respect to reproductive factors within a unique study population. The callitrichine clade (marmosets, tamarins and Goeldi's monkeys) of New World monkeys is an ideal group in which to study the evolution of pregnancy because of natural variation in the number of offspring produced per litter. Moreover, marmosets exhibit twin-twin germline chimerism, in which individuals carry the reproductive cells of their (fraternal) littermates. In addition, the generation of a Goeldi's monkey transcriptome allows examination of the evolutionary history of thousands of genes in callitrichines, explicitly testing hypotheses that genes involved in litter size and chimerism (e.g. genes involved in placentation, growth, immunity, and vasculogenesis) show evidence of adaptive evolution coincident with the timing of the changes in pregnancy. Testing hypotheses about which genes have undergone adaptations in callitrichine lineages will fill a gap in knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of the fascinating biology exhibited by these primates, and will lay the foundation for future studies in primate biology. Finally, the genotyping of individuals within a well-pedigreed colony tests whether Goeldi's monkey has retained chimerism, despite having lost the ability to twin. These findings will have implications in understanding the evolution of parental care and also will provide clues into how immune tolerance is established and maintained during evolution.

怀孕是生殖成功的标志，但历史上很少有人关注非人类灵长类动物怀孕的研究，相对于生殖中的其他关键因素，如性选择、竞争和父母对后代的照顾。这项研究以其他研究为基础，进一步开发了准确的新世界猴系统发育学，从而可以在进化背景下追踪生命史特征的变化。这项研究还促进了女性在科学方面的进步，并在实验室技术和遗传学方面对高中生和本科生进行了培训。该研究采用比较基因组和系统发育方法来研究妊娠对独特研究人群中生殖因素的作用。新大陆猴的卡利特里奇亚支（狨猴、狨猴和戈尔迪猴）是研究妊娠进化的理想群体，因为每窝产下的后代数量存在自然差异。此外，狨猴表现出双胞胎种系嵌合现象，其中个体携带其（兄弟）同窝动物的生殖细胞。 此外，格尔迪猴转录组的生成可以检查卡里特里奇内数以千计的基因的进化历史，明确测试涉及产仔数和嵌合现象的基因（例如涉及胎盘、生长、免疫和血管发生的基因）的假设，显示适应性进化的证据与妊娠变化的时间一致。测试关于哪些基因在卡利特里奇碱谱系中经历了适应的假设，将填补有关这些灵长类动物所表现出的迷人生物学分子基础的知识空白，并将为未来灵长类生物学研究奠定基础。 最后，对纯种猴群中个体的基因分型测试了戈尔迪的猴子是否保留了嵌合状态，尽管已经失去了双胞胎的能力。这些发现将对理解父母照顾的进化产生影响，也将为研究进化过程中如何建立和维持免疫耐受提供线索。