Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Most Restrictive Alternative - The Origins, Control, and Functions of the Supermax Prison, 1976-2010

博士论文研究:最具限制性的替代方案——超级监狱的起源、控制和功能,1976-2010

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1061643
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 0.96万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2011-02-01 至 2013-01-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Supermax prisons across the United States detain thousands in long-term solitary confinement, under conditions of extreme sensory deprivation. Courts of law do not sentence prisoners to supermaxes; rather, supermaxes detain prisoners who are allegedly institutional security risks, according to correctional administrators. Between the1980s and the 1990s, almost every state built some form of supermax facility. Although many researchers have evaluated the exponential increases in overall prison incarceration rates and prison building during this period, few have looked closely at the supermax phenomenon itself. Therefore, this project seeks to explore one overarching question: How did the concept of the supermax prison emerge in the United States, and how did this emergence shape penology discourse and punishment practice? The work draws first on a historical and institutional analysis of the supermax phenomenon, examining how courts, legislators, correctional administrators, and architects orchestrated this punishment innovation. In addition, this project will explore how supermaxes have functioned over the last twenty years, since their first inception, specifically examining who is detained in these facilities, for how long, and with what effects on individuals and institutions. This analysis of the effect of supermaxes will draw on both the experiences of former prisoners of these facilities, as described in interviews, and on quantitative analyses of current correctional population data. This project will include both a national analysis of the spread of the supermax phenomenon and two more in-depth state-based case studies, focusing on details of the emergence of the supermax institution and its functioning specifically in California and Illinois. By exploring the mechanisms of policy innovation and institutional reform, through the lens of the supermax, this project will contribute not only to correctional history but also to socio-political conceptions of how legal change happens, gets replicated, and becomes entrenched.
美国各地的超级监狱在极度剥夺感官的条件下长期单独监禁数千人。据惩教管理人员说,法院不判处囚犯最高刑期;相反,最高刑期关押的囚犯据称是机构安全风险。在20世纪80年代和90年代之间,几乎每个州都建立了某种形式的超级监狱设施。 尽管许多研究人员已经评估了这一时期监狱监禁率和监狱建设的指数增长,但很少有人仔细研究超级监狱现象本身。因此,这个项目旨在探讨一个首要问题:超级监狱的概念是如何在美国出现的,以及这种出现是如何塑造监狱学话语和惩罚实践的?这项工作首先借鉴了历史和制度分析的超级最高的现象,研究如何法院,立法者,惩教管理人员和建筑师精心策划这种惩罚创新。此外,该项目还将探讨超级监狱自成立以来在过去20年中是如何运作的,特别是研究谁被拘留在这些设施中,多长时间,以及对个人和机构产生了什么影响。 这种对超大型监狱影响的分析将借鉴这些设施的前囚犯的经验,如在访谈中所描述的,并对目前的惩教人口数据进行定量分析。该项目将包括对超级监狱现象的全国性分析和两个更深入的基于州的案例研究,重点关注超级监狱机构的出现及其在加州和伊利诺伊州的运作细节。通过探索政策创新和制度改革的机制,通过超级最大的透镜,这个项目将不仅有助于惩教历史,而且有助于社会政治观念的法律的变化如何发生,得到复制,并成为根深蒂固的。

项目成果

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