Collaborative Research: Causes and Consequences of Exceptional Diversity in Spiny-Rayed Fishes

合作研究：刺鳐鱼异常多样性的原因和后果

• 批准号: 1061806
• 负责人: Thomas Near
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-15 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1061806&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Causes; Consequences; Exceptional

Spiny-rayed fishes are one of the most successful radiations of vertebrate animals, with about 17,000 species and astonishing morphological and ecological diversity that includes many culturally and economically important species such as tunas, flounders, seahorses, largemouth bass, and guppies. This diverse group represents one of the last great frontiers to understand vertebrate evolution. In this project, the evolutionary relationships among more than 260 families of these fishes will be studied with several methods of phylogenetic inference using DNA sequence data from 16 protein-coding nuclear genes from specimens of 1,500 species. The phylogenetic trees depicting evolutionary relationships among these groups will be combined with more than 40 fossil calibration points to produce a time-calibrated branching diagram of the evolutionary history of these fishes. This time-calibrated phylogeny and a large anatomical data set of functionally important characteristics of the feeding and locomotor systems from over 1,000 species will then be used to compare the rates of speciation and rates of morphological evolution in lineages that live in the five major habitat types: coral reefs, temperate reefs, near-shore soft bottom, pelagic marine, and freshwater. There is a strong theoretical expectation from previous work that freshwater lineages will show high rates of speciation while coral reefs will show the highest rates of speciation and morphological evolution, but these expectations have never been addressed empirically. This research will strengthen our understanding of the evolutionary relationships and major evolutionary dynamics of the most poorly understood and yet dauntingly successful radiation of vertebrate animals on the earth today. Over 20,000 new gene sequences and the morphological data set from over 1,000 species will be made available to the scientific community. The project will support the development of three postdoctoral scholars and has a major undergraduate training program.

刺鳐鱼是脊椎动物中最成功的辐射动物之一，约有 17,000 种，具有惊人的形态和生态多样性，其中包括许多具有文化和经济重要意义的物种，如金枪鱼、比目鱼、海马、大口黑鲈和孔雀鱼。这个多样化的群体代表了理解脊椎动物进化的最后一个伟大前沿领域之一。在该项目中，将使用来自 1,500 个物种标本的 16 个蛋白质编码核基因的 DNA 序列数据，通过多种系统发育推断方法来研究这些鱼类的 260 多个科之间的进化关系。描述这些群体之间进化关系的系统发育树将与 40 多个化石校准点相结合，生成这些鱼类进化历史的时间校准分支图。这个经过时间校准的系统发育和来自 1000 多个物种的摄食和运动系统的重要功能特征的大型解剖数据集将被用来比较生活在五种主要栖息地类型中的谱系的物种形成速率和形态进化速率：珊瑚礁、温带珊瑚礁、近岸软底、中上层海洋和淡水。以前的工作有一个强烈的理论预期，即淡水谱系将显示出高物种形成率，而珊瑚礁将显示出最高的物种形成率和形态进化率，但这些预期从未在经验上得到解决。这项研究将加强我们对当今地球上脊椎动物的进化关系和主要进化动力学的理解，这些脊椎动物的辐射是我们知之甚少但又取得了巨大成功的。超过 20,000 个新基因序列和 1,000 多个物种的形态数据集将提供给科学界。该项目将支持三名博士后学者的发展，并设有一个主要的本科生培养计划。