Supporting Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO)

支持马登-朱利安振荡的动力学 (DYNAMO)

• 批准号: 1062202
• 负责人: Chidong Zhang
• 金额: $ 52.6万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1062202&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Supporting; Dynamics; Madden; Julian; Oscillation

AbstractThe Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign is the US component of an international experiment in late 2011/early 2012 in the Indian Ocean, the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY2011). The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to improve simulation and prediction of the MJO. The field campaign will include multiple radars, atmospheric sounding sites, a research aircraft, multiple research vessels, and oceanic measurements.The three main hypotheses of DYNAMO are: 1) Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale; the pace at which this moistening occurs determines the duration of the pre-onset state, 2) Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation, and 3) The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean by controlling the upper-ocean heat content and SST, and thereby surface flux feedbackThis award funds the activities of the Chief Scientist of the DYNAMO field campaign. The role of Chief Scientist consists largely of the organization and coordination activities required to guarantee the success of a large, multi-agency, international field campaign. Activities to be supported are divided into pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment phases. In the pre-deployment phase (prior to October 2011), the main tasks are to help complete the preparation for the DYNAMO field campaign and coordinate with international partners of CINDY2011 to finalize the experimental design and field responsibilities. Duties include overseeing the development of a field operations plan; organizing forecast and monitoring activities for the campaign; documenting the climatology of the Indian Ocean region, particularly using new satellite datasets; and coordinating international activities and data access rules.During the deployment phase (October 2011 to March 2012), the Chief Scientist will participate in the field campaign by monitoring large-scale conditions in the region of the campaign, joining an advisory team to help make decisions on radar and aircraft operations, and providing the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with real-time evaluation for its forecast and analysis. The work with ECMWF is part of a collaboration the Chief Scientist has established in which ECMWF will provide its high-resolution weather forecast and analysis products for DYNAMO, and the Chief Scientist will (though this proposal) support a postdoc who will make an extended visit to ECMWF to conduct research on the extent to which data collected in DYNAMO has an impact on medium-range forecasts.In the post-deployment phase, the Chief Scientist will oversee the implementation of the DYNAMO data policy, organize DYNAMO data and modeling workshops, propose and convene DYNAMO special sessions at national and international conferences, summarize and publish materials necessary for post-field data analysis, including climate background relevant to DYNAMO, large-scale conditions during the field campaign, and general descriptions of DYNAMO.The work performed here will have broader scientific impacts by ensuring that the field observations will be collected successfully and disseminated as broadly as possible. The work also has broader scientific impacts through the development of links between US and international scientists. In addition, the Chief Scientist will oversee an effort to bring graduate students to the field through a travel fellowship program, in which students wishing to participate in the campaign apply for travel support, and those selected receive training and are assigned to assist in collecting field data, primarily using radars and radiosonde balloons. The project will also support a graduate student and a postdoc. Finally, the work supports the DYNAMO goal of improving predictions of the MJO, and improved MJO forecasts would have great societal value given the MJO's impact on weather patterns around the globe.

马登-朱利安振荡（Madden-Julian Oscillation，简称CINDO）是2011年底/2012年初在印度洋进行的一项国际实验的美国组成部分，该实验是印度洋季节内变化合作实验（CINDY 2011）。该项目的总体目标是加快对印度洋MJO启动的关键过程的理解，并改进MJO的模拟和预测。这一观测活动将包括多个雷达、大气探测站、一架研究飞机、多艘研究船和海洋测量。MJO的三个主要假设是：1）只有当湿层在MJO尺度区域上变得足够深时，深对流才能组织成MJO对流包层;这种增湿发生的速度决定了预开始状态的持续时间，2）不同阶段的特定对流群体对MJO的开始是必不可少的，和3）障碍层，风和剪切驱动的混合，浅温跃层，和混合层卷吸都通过控制上层海洋热含量和SST，从而控制表面通量反馈，在印度洋MJO的启动中发挥重要作用。 首席科学家的角色主要包括保证大型、多机构、国际实地活动成功所需的组织和协调活动。 支持的活动分为部署前、部署和部署后阶段。 在部署前阶段（2011年10月之前），主要任务是帮助完成COMO实地活动的准备工作，并与CINDY 2011的国际合作伙伴协调，以最终确定试验设计和实地责任。 其职责包括监督外地业务计划的制定;为该运动组织预报和监测活动;记录印度洋区域的气候学，特别是利用新的卫星数据集;以及协调国际活动和数据访问规则。在部署阶段，（2011年10月至2012年3月），首席科学家将参与实地活动，监测活动区域的大规模状况，加入一个顾问团队，帮助制定雷达和飞机操作的决策，并为欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的预报和分析提供实时评估。 与ECMWF的合作是首席科学家建立的合作的一部分，ECMWF将为CNOO提供其高分辨率天气预报和分析产品，首席科学家将（尽管这一提议）支持一名博士后，他将对ECMWF进行长期访问，以研究在COMO收集的数据对中期预报的影响程度。在部署后阶段，首席科学家将监督COMO数据政策的实施，组织COMO数据和模拟研讨会，在国家和国际会议上提议和召集COMO特别会议，总结和出版野外数据分析所需的材料，包括与COMO有关的气候背景，野外活动期间的大尺度条件，在此开展的工作将产生更广泛的科学影响，确保成功地收集实地观察结果并尽可能广泛地传播。 这项工作还通过发展美国和国际科学家之间的联系产生了更广泛的科学影响。 此外，首席科学家将监督通过旅行奖学金计划将研究生带到实地的努力，希望参加该活动的学生申请旅行支持，被选中的学生接受培训并被分配协助收集实地数据，主要使用雷达和无线电探空气球。 该项目还将支持一名研究生和一名博士后。 最后，这项工作支持改进MJO预测的CNOO目标，并且考虑到MJO对地球仪周围天气模式的影响，改进的MJO预测将具有巨大的社会价值。