Convective Precipitation and Heating Structures Observed by the SMART-Radar During the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Project (DYNAMO)

智能雷达在马登-朱利安振荡项目 (DYNAMO) 动力学过程中观测到的对流降水和加热结构

• 批准号: 1062217
• 负责人: Courtney Schumacher
• 金额: $ 62.43万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-15 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1062217&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Convective; Precipitation; Heating; Structures; Observed

The Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign is the US component of an international experiment in late 2011/early 2012 in the Indian Ocean, the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY2011). The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to improve simulation and prediction of the MJO. The field campaign will include multiple radars, atmospheric sounding sites, a research aircraft, multiple research vessels, and oceanic measurements. The three main hypotheses of DYNAMO are: 1) Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale; the pace at which this moistening occurs determines the duration of the pre-onset state, 2) Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation, and 3) The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean by controlling the upper-ocean heat content and SST, and thereby surface flux feedbackIn this award, the investigator will deploy a SMART-R C-band radar on Addu Atoll for the duration of the 6-month Extended Operations Period of DYNAMO. The radar will provide continuous measurements of reflectivity and radial velocity of precipitating convection, and serve as the "workhorse" radar of DYNAMO, allowing other radars to have more flexibility in scanning strategies. The research team will also develop baseline products to assess properties of the precipitating clouds and their organization, including: reflectivity PDFs with height, echo-top heights, convective-stratiform classification, rain maps, and rain/snow water content estimates. Divergence and latent heating profiles calculated from radial velocity and reflectivity measurements will also be developed and used to determine the balance between low-level and upper level heating in precipitating convection.The broader impacts of the work include the involvement of a large number of students in field observations and data analysis, possible outreach activities on Addu Atoll, and enhanced international collaborations. A successful DYNAMO campaign would lead to improved understanding of tropical convection, the predictability of the MJO, and downstream effects of the MJO on weather in the United States and other areas.

Madden-Julian Oscillation（MSTO）现场活动的动力学是2011年底/2012年初在印度洋进行的国际实验的美国组成部分，该实验是印度洋季节内变率合作实验（CINDY 2011）。 该项目的总体目标是加快对印度洋MJO启动的关键过程的理解，并改进MJO的模拟和预测。 实地活动将包括多个雷达、大气探测站、一架研究飞机、多艘研究船和海洋测量。 MJO的三个主要假设是：（1）只有当湿层在MJO尺度上变得足够深时，深对流才能组织成MJO对流包层;这种润湿发生的速度决定了预开始状态的持续时间，2）不同阶段的特定对流群体对于MJO的开始是必要的，和3）阻挡层，风和剪切驱动的混合、浅温跃层和混合层夹带都通过控制上层海洋热含量和SST，从而控制表面通量反馈，在印度洋MJO的启动中发挥着重要作用。在这项合同中，研究人员将在Addu Atoll部署一台SMART-R C波段雷达，用于MJO为期6个月的延长运行期。 该雷达将提供降水对流的反射率和径向速度的连续测量，并作为气象组织的“主力”雷达，使其他雷达在扫描策略上更具灵活性。 研究小组还将开发基线产品，以评估降水云及其组织的特性，包括：具有高度的反射率PDF，回波顶部高度，对流层状分类，降雨图和雨/雪含水量估计。 还将编制根据径向速度和反射率测量结果计算的发散和潜热加热廓线，并用于确定降水对流中低层和高层加热之间的平衡，这项工作的更广泛影响包括大量学生参与实地观测和数据分析，可能在Addu Atoll开展外联活动，以及加强国际合作。 一个成功的MJO活动将导致更好地了解热带对流，MJO的可预测性，以及MJO对美国和其他地区天气的下游影响。