Energetic Costs of Feeding in Primates

灵长类动物喂养的能量成本

• 批准号: 1062239
• 负责人: Christine Wall
• 金额: $ 16.85万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-15 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1062239&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Energetic; Costs; Feeding; Primates

This research focuses on collecting novel data on the energetic costs of feeding in primates to generate new connections between lab-based studies of the functional morphology of the feeding apparatus and studies of primate feeding ecology and life history. This study provides a foundation for new research aimed at linking evolutionary morphology to primate ecology and life history in a way that cuts across multiple disciplines within biological anthropology. Results will be placed in an evolutionary context by evaluating their implications for the interpretation of diet and feeding ecology in fossil primates and, specifically, during human evolution. In addition to training graduate and undergraduate students, this research will have educational outreach as a priority and will occur through presentations at local science fairs and in K-12 classrooms. The biomechanics and ecology of feeding provide fundamental data for understanding primate adaptation and evolution. However, the lack of a comparative dataset on the energetic costs of feeding is a major gap in knowledge that limits our ability to understand the biomechanical events that occur during feeding and the selective pressures that influence feeding in an ecological context. Respirometry is a non-invasive technique that measures the energetic costs (the use of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide) an animal incurs while at rest or performing activities. Respirometry data are collected simultaneously with digital video recordings of behaviors during feeding in fourteen primate species, including humans. Data are also collected during feeding on six food types that encompass the range of primate diets. From these data, the energetic costs of feeding will be quantified. Six specific aims address the impact of feeding on the activity budgets of primates and address key energetics-based questions about the relationship between diet, structures of the feeding apparatus, and the functions of these structures during feeding. The results will generate new data for connecting feeding biomechanics with feeding ecology, bio-energetics, and life history. Explicit hypotheses concern effects of scale, anatomical variation, and food material properties and frame structure-function-behavior questions about the feeding apparatus in relation to ecological and life history variables in a way that cuts across multiple scientific disciplines. The main strength of the species sample is its broad range in terms of phylogeny, diet (insectivores, ripe fruit specialists, folivores and omnivores), and body size. The incorporation of anatomical traits that are commonly preserved in the fossil record provides the potential for new interpretations of the feeding ecology and energy budgets of fossil primates, including fossil humans.

这项研究的重点是收集有关灵长类动物喂养能量消耗的新数据，以在基于实验室的喂养装置功能形态研究与灵长类动物喂养生态学和生活史研究之间建立新的联系。 这项研究为旨在以跨越生物人类学多个学科的方式将进化形态与灵长类动物生态学和生活史联系起来的新研究奠定了基础。 通过评估其对化石灵长类动物，特别是人类进化过程中饮食和喂养生态学的解释的影响，将结果置于进化背景中。 除了培训研究生和本科生外，这项研究还将把教育推广作为优先事项，并将通过在当地科学博览会和 K-12 教室进行演示的方式进行。进食的生物力学和生态学为理解灵长类动物的适应和进化提供了基础数据。然而，缺乏关于喂养能量成本的比较数据集是知识上的一个主要差距，限制了我们理解喂养过程中发生的生物力学事件以及在生态环境中影响喂养的选择压力的能力。呼吸测量法是一种非侵入性技术，用于测量动物在休息或进行活动时产生的能量消耗（氧气的使用和二氧化碳的产生）。呼吸测量数据与包括人类在内的十四种灵长类动物进食期间行为的数字视频记录同时收集。还收集了六种食物类型（涵盖灵长类动物饮食）的喂养过程中的数据。根据这些数据，喂养的能量成本将被量化。六个具体目标解决了喂养对灵长类动物活动预算的影响，并解决了有关饮食、喂养装置结构以及这些结构在喂养过程中的功能之间的关系的关键能量学问题。研究结果将产生新的数据，用于将喂养生物力学与喂养生态学、生物能量学和生活史联系起来。明确的假设涉及规模、解剖变异和食物材料特性的影响，并以跨越多个科学学科的方式框架有关喂养装置的结构-功能-行为问题与生态和生活史变量的关系。该物种样本的主要优势在于其在系统发育、饮食（食虫动物、成熟水果专家、食叶动物和杂食动物）和体型方面的广泛范围。化石记录中普遍保存的解剖特征的结合，为对包括人类化石在内的灵长类化石的摄食生态和能量预算提供了新的解释。