Neural and affective mechanisms underlying prospective self-control costs

项目摘要 自我控制失败是健康和临床人群面临的普遍挑战。最近的理论和 经验研究表明，这些失败可能是由于与锻炼相关的认知成本过高造成的 控制力。然而，传统的自我控制范式并没有提供一个量化这些因素的方法平台 成本。此外，我们对自我控制成本的神经基础知之甚少，也不知道这些表现形式如何变化 在不同等级的心理压力下，这是导致自我控制失败的主要危险因素。致信地址 为此，我们开发了一种新的决策任务，衡量个人愿意支付多少钱来限制访问 诱人的奖励可能会破坏他们的长期目标，并导致自我控制失败(提前承诺)。这里, 我们的目标是使用这个新验证的工具的扩展和改进版本来检查神经计算和 预期自我控制成本背后的情感机制及其与现实世界自我控制的关系 失败。在目标1中，我们试图确定计算、动机和认知机制 自我控制的成本。我们将对自我控制的成本函数进行建模，测试这一指标与认知的关系 文献中典型的与自我控制有关的概念，并解开了动机机制 在使用预先承诺的基础上。在目标2中，我们试图描述自我控制成本的神经关联， 跟踪这些区域内的活动如何根据食物刺激参与者的特征动态波动 关注并确定由这些成本产生的神经介体和连接模式。在《目标3》中，我们寻求 检查不同类别的压力源类型(生理、社会或生活压力)如何塑造行为 以及自我控制成本的神经表示法。表征个体的自我控制成本函数以及如何 这些成本在大脑中的表现将允许更直接地测试压力暴露如何影响决策 使用自我控制，并可能导致潜在的干预措施，可以缓冲个人对压力的影响 这样的决定。

Project Summary Self-control failures are a universal challenge for healthy and clinical populations. Recent theoretical and empirical work suggests these failures may arise from excessive cognitive costs associated with exercising control. However, traditional self-control paradigms do not provide a methodological platform to quantify these costs. Further, we know little about the neural basis of self-control costs nor how these representations change under different classes of psychological stress, which is a major risk factor for self-control failure. To address this, we developed a novel decision-making task that measures how much individuals will pay to restrict access to tempting rewards that may derail their long-term goals and lead to self-control failure (precommitment). Here, we aim to use an expanded and refined version of this newly validated tool to examine neurocomputational and affective mechanisms underlying prospective self-control costs and how they relate to real-world self-control failures. In Aim 1, we seek to identify the computational, motivational and cognitive mechanism that gives rise to self-control costs. We will model the cost function for self-control, test how this metric relates to cognitive constructs typically implicated in self-control in the literature and disentangle the motivational mechanism underlying the use of precommitment. In Aim 2 we seek to characterize the neural correlates of self-control costs, track how activity within these regions dynamically fluctuate depending on the feature of food stimuli participants focus on and identify neural mediators and connectivity patterns stemming from these costs. In Aim 3, we seek to examine how different classes of stressor type (physiological, social, or lifetime stress) shapes the behavioral and neural representations of self-control costs. Characterizing individuals’ self-control cost function and how these costs are represented in the brain will allow for a more direct test of how stress exposure affects decisions to use self-control and may lead to potential interventions that can buffer individuals from the effects of stress on such decisions.