Collaborative Research - Living with War: The Impacts of Chronic Violence on Everyday Life in the Central Illinois River Valley

这个项目将探索战争对密西西比时期(公元1100-1425年)中部伊利诺伊河流域(CIRV)社区的灾难性和广泛的后果。这项工作意义重大，因为它洞察了在欠发达社会中哪些条件可能导致群体间冲突，另一方面哪些条件有利于更和平的关系。考古数据将公元1200年至1425年伊利诺伊州中部河谷不断升级的暴力与人口聚集和健康状况下降联系在一起，数据显示，战争的因果维度不仅限于政治集中化和崩溃，还重塑了生活的其他更平凡的方面。确定这种暴力对受这些敌对行动影响的密西西比州群体的影响，将有助于解释冲突的历史轨迹，最终在公元1425年左右放弃该地区。一项地球物理调查，结合针对迪克森丘陵博物馆附近伊夫兰遗址居民群体的三个季节的挖掘，将查明在该区域暴力升级时期之前的谋生做法和家庭/社区组织模式。还将对以前挖掘的遗址(奥伦多夫)的收藏品进行实验室分析，以确定暴力袭击增加的日期，从而能够记录由于战争加剧而发生的国内变化。项目目标包括确定(1)人们是否以及如何改变他们的生存追求，以应对在觅食、捕鱼和耕作时受到攻击的风险增加，以及(2)人们是否以及如何由于进入设防村庄而改变其家庭和社区的规模和安排。该项目的更广泛影响包括公共教育和宣传，以及为规划和开发一个重要的国家遗产地做出贡献。该项目为本科生和研究生提供了研究机会：(1)本科生将在实地学校的背景下接受实地方法培训，此外还将有更多以问题为导向的本科生研究机会；(2)研究生将作为实地学校导师和实验室助理参加，该项目为两个相关的论文项目提供数据和部分资金。除了向当地考古学会进行公开介绍外，项目考古学家还将在挖掘过程中每天与公众接触。项目人员还将与迪克森丘陵博物馆的工作人员合作，根据拟议的研究开发解释性博物馆展品。一个项目网站将向公众提供项目挖掘和结果的最新信息，伊利诺伊州考古调查局、西伊利诺伊大学马科姆分校和迪克森丘陵博物馆的工作人员将有限制地访问网站，以共享数据。最后，对伊夫兰遗址(位于迪克森丘陵地产)的地球物理测量结果将为这一重要的国家遗产遗址的规划、开发和保护提供重要数据。

This project will explore the catastrophic and wide-ranging consequences of war on Mississippian period (A.D. 1100-1425) communities in the Central Illinois River Valley (CIRV). The work is significant because it provides insight into the conditions which in less developed societies can lead to intergroup conflict and which, on the other hand, are conducive to more peaceful relations. Archaeological data linking escalating violence with both population nucleation and declining health in the Central Illinois River Valley from A.D. 1200 to 1425 reveal that the causal dimensions of warfare were not restricted to political centralization and collapse but reshaped other, more mundane aspects of life. Determining the impacts of this violence on the Mississippian groups subject to these hostilities will help explain the historical trajectory of conflict culminating in the abandonment of the region around A.D. 1425. A geophysical survey, combined with three seasons of excavation targeting residential groups at the Eveland site adjacent to the Dickson Mounds Museum will identify subsistence practices and household/community organizational patterns that predate the period of escalating violence in this region. Laboratory analysis of collections from a previously excavated site (Orendorf) that post-dates the increase in violent attacks will also be conducted, enabling the documentation of domestic changes occurring as a result of the intensification of warfare. Project goals include determining (1) if and how people altered their subsistence pursuits in response to the increased risk of attack while foraging, fishing, and farming, and (2) if and how people altered the size and arrangement of their households and communities as a result of nucleation into fortified villages. Broader impacts of this project include public education and outreach, as well as contributing to planning and development of an important state heritage site. The project provides research opportunities to both undergraduate and graduate students: (1) undergraduates will be trained in field methods in the context of a field school, in addition to more structured opportunities for problem-oriented undergraduate research; and (2) graduate students will participate as both field school supervisors and as lab assistants, with the project providing data and partial funding for two related dissertation projects. Project archaeologists will also interface with the public on a daily basis during the course of excavations, in addition to delivering public presentations to the local archaeological society. Project personnel will also work with the Dickson Mounds Museum staff to develop interpretive museum exhibits based on the proposed research. A project website will provide the public with updates on project excavations and results, and restricted website access will be given to staff at the Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Western Illinois University at Macomb, and Dickson Mounds Museum for the purpose of data sharing. Finally, results from the geophysical survey of the Eveland site (located on Dickson Mounds property) will provide important data for planning development and preservation at this important state heritage site.