IDBR: Development of a miniature oceanographic data recorder that can be carried by marine mammals and other pelagic species

在以前nsf资助的研究中，小型视频和数据记录器被开发和使用，可以连接到自由放养的海洋哺乳动物身上，观察它们的水下行为，跟踪它们的三维运动并记录它们的环境（例如，Science 283:993-996, 1999; Science 288:133- 136,2000）。该项目在这一成功的基础上，开发了微型动物海洋数据记录仪（mini- odr），该记录仪将记录电导率（盐度）、温度和溶解氧的精细时空分辨率数据，以及水柱中的三维位置和海面上的地理位置，使用的海洋动物小至12公斤。海洋哺乳动物和其他远洋脊椎动物（如海龟、企鹅、大型鱼类）分布在世界各地的海洋中，下潜深度可达2000米，它们有可能携带海洋仪器，以相对较低的成本记录精细的时空分辨率数据，特别是在科考船不经常访问的地区(如：北冰洋和南大洋)，以及在海冰和恶劣天气对后勤构成严重挑战的冬季。同时测量电导率（盐度）、温度和溶解氧作为水柱中位置（垂直和水平）的函数是理解一个地区的物理和生物海洋学的基础。这种高分辨率数据在应用于大地理区域时，可以提供影响大区域气候和生态系统过程的海洋环流和结构的关键信息。海洋是了解气候变化的一个关键因素，对全球天气数据的需求日益增加。大多数水下海洋学数据是通过船载调查和部署漂流器获得的。动物携带的仪器为增加这些数据提供了成本相对较低的替代方法，特别是在极地地区。

In previous NSF-funded studies, small video and data recorders were developed and used that can be attached to free-ranging marine mammals to observe their underwater behavior, track their three-dimensional movements and record their environment (e.g., Science 283:993-996, 1999; Science 288:133-136, 2000). This project builds upon this success by developing miniature, animal-borne oceanographic data recorders (mini-ODRs) that will record fine spatial and temporal resolution data on conductivity (salinity), temperature and dissolved oxygen as well as three-dimensional location in the water column and geolocation at the surface using marine animals as small as 12 kg. Marine mammals and other pelagic vertebrates (e.g., sea turtles, penguins large fishes) that range throughout the world's oceans and descend to depths of up to 2,000 m have the potential of carrying oceanographic instruments that record fine spatial and temporal resolution data at relatively low cost, especially in areas that are not frequently visited by research vessels (e.g., the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean) and during the winter when sea ice and harsh weather pose severe logistical challenges. The simultaneous measurement of conductivity (salinity), temperature and dissolved oxygen as a function of location (vertical and horizontal) in the water column is fundamental in understanding the physical and biological oceanography of a region. Such fine resolution data, when applied to large geographic areas, can provide critical information on ocean circulation and structure which influence climate and ecosystem processes over large areas. The oceans are a key element in understanding climate change, and there is an increasing need for synoptic data on a global level. Most sub-surface oceanographic data have been obtained from ship-based surveys and the deployment of drifters. Animal-borne instruments provide a relatively low cost alternative for augmenting these data, especially in polar regions.