Measurements of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds, Non-Methane Hydrocarbons, and Halocarbons aboard the NSF-GV Aircraft during DC3

该合同支持在NSF-GV飞机上对一系列挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）进行测量，包括含氧挥发性有机化合物（OVOCs）、非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHCs）、卤化烃和一些含氮和含硫物质，这些物质将在深对流云和化学（DC3）现场活动中进行。DC3计划将利用两架飞机结合地面仪器，研究深层对流系统对中纬度对流层上层和平流层下层组成和化学的影响。该计划将在三个地点进行：1)科罗拉多州东北部，2)俄克拉荷马州中部和西部，以及3)阿拉巴马州北部，以便评估不同类型的风暴、不同的边界层组成和对流环境。通过该奖项支持的仪器是最近专门为GV开发的机载快速气相色谱仪/质谱仪- TOGA（微量有机气体分析仪）。该仪器以2分钟或更短的采样速率测量有机化合物，准确度高，精密度高，检出限低（约10 ppt至1 ppt）。该仪器将提供必要的数据，以确定大气化学成分、中纬度对流和对流层上层/平流层下层（UT/LS）化学之间的联系。针对这些问题的有机化合物，包括人类活动和生物活动的示踪剂、化学前体和中间体以及氧化产物，将在整个对流层并延伸到对流层上层/平流层下层（UT/LS）区域进行测量。这些测量将允许测试DC3计划中不可或缺的几个假设，并有助于实现DC3的两个主要目标，即：(1)在活跃对流开始的几个小时内，对新鲜排放物和水向对流层上层的对流输送进行量化和表征，调查风暴动力学和物理、闪电及其氮氧化物的产生、云水成物对物种清除的影响、地表排放物变率和铁砧中的化学；2)量化对流活动后对流层上层化学成分的变化，重点关注对流后12 ~ 48 h对流层上层化学成分的季节变化。该项目的更广泛影响包括教育和技术培训、推广以及了解与空气质量和气候有关的大气处理的社会重要性。该项目将为一名学生的研究生研究提供支持。

This award supports measurements of a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons, and some nitrogen and sulfur containing species, onboard the NSF-GV Aircraft during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign. The DC3 program will investigate the influence of deep convective systems on the composition and chemistry of the mid-latitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using two aircraft in combination with ground based instrumentation. The program will occur in three locations: 1) northeastern Colorado, 2) central and western Oklahoma, and 3) northern Alabama allowing for the assessment of different types of storms and different boundary layer compositions and convective environments. The instrument supported through this award is an airborne fast gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer that was recently developed specifically for the GV- the TOGA (Trace Organic Gas Analyzer). This instrument will measure organic compounds with high accuracy, precision, and low detection limits (about 10 ppt to 1 ppt) at a sampling rate of 2 minutes or less. The instrument will provide data necessary to define the linkages among atmospheric chemical composition, mid-latitude convection, and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) chemistry. Organic compounds specific to these issues, including tracers of anthropogenic and biogenic activity, chemical precursors and intermediates, and oxidation products will be measured throughout the troposphere and extending into the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS) region. These measurements will allow testing of several of the hypotheses integral to the DC3 program and help achieve the two primary goals of DC3, which are: 1) Quantify and characterize of the convective transport of fresh emissions and water to the upper troposphere within the first few hours of active convection, investigation of storm dynamics and physics, lightening and its production of nitrogen oxides, the effect of cloud hydrometeors on scavenging of species, surface emission variability, and chemistry in the anvil; and 2) Quantify the changes in chemistry and composition in the upper troposphere after active convection, focusing on 12-48 hours after convection and the seasonal transition of the chemical composition of the UT. The broader impacts of this project include education and technical training, outreach, and the societal importance of understanding atmospheric processing related to air quality and climate. This project will provide support for the graduate research of a student.