Idea and Economic Spillovers from Publicly-funded Biomedical Research

公共资助的生物医学研究的理念和经济溢出效应

• 批准号: 1063907
• 负责人: Joshua Graff Zivin
• 金额: $ 49.94万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1063907&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Idea; Economic; Spillovers; Publicly; funded

The goal of this project is to advance understanding of the returns to biomedical research. The project examines how new scientific knowledge flows across locations and institutional settings, and how these knowledge flows affect scientific innovation, health, and economic growth. This project examines both idea spillovers (where the movement of scientists to new geographic locations affects productivity of their colleagues) and economic spillovers (where publicly-funded basic research is eventually translated into new drugs, devices, or treatments by commercial firms). The research uses a unique dataset assembled by the investigative team over the past several years, which matches publication output, NIH funding, and patents for the complete roster of medical school faculty and NIH grantees between 1975 and 2006. It also utilizes data from the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on all biomedical patents issued since 1976.Intellectual Merit: A major contribution of the research is that it assesses the degree to which idea spillovers are localized in space. As such, it promotes understanding of the centripetal forces that sustain R&D-based geographic clusters (such as South San Francisco, Kendall Square, or La Jolla) over time. In particular, it provides direct estimates of the extent to which firms' R&D productivity builds on academic research. The exploration of the mechanisms through which knowledge spillovers operate provides insights on how to allocate talent across organizations. The project advances understanding of how the technologies and policies that influence the flow of information between agents affect the rate and direction of technological innovation.Broader Impact: Beyond advancing understanding in the economics of science, and informing contemporary policy debates, this project has several additional outputs. First, the fuzzy-matching algorithm that matches patent citations to biomedical articles is useful to a wide range of scholars interested in science and technology policy. Second, research in the area is facilitated by the modification of several open-source software programs developed under prior NSF support. Finally, the findings are disseminated through various media to a wide range of audiences, to facilitate an open dialogue with academics, policymakers, industry representatives, and other stakeholders

该项目的目的是提高对生物医学研究回报的理解。该项目研究了新的科学知识如何跨越地点和机构环境流动，以及这些知识流如何影响科学创新，健康和经济增长。该项目研究了Idea Epillovers（科学家向新地理位置的运动都会影响同事的生产力）和经济溢出（在这里最终将公开资助的基础研究转化为新药，设备或商业公司的治疗方法）。该研究使用了过去几年调查团队组装的独特数据集，该数据集与1975年至2006年之间的医学院教师和NIH授予者的完整名册相匹配，它在1975年至2006年之间提供了全面的数据。想法溢出物位于太空中。 因此，它促进了对基于研发的地理集群（例如南旧金山，肯德尔广场或拉霍拉）维持基于R＆D的中心力的理解。特别是，它直接估计了公司的研发生产力在学术研究基础上的建立程度。 知识溢出运作的机制的探索提供了有关如何在组织之间分配人才的见解。 该项目对了解代理之间信息流的技术和政策如何影响技术创新的速度和方向。BROADER的影响：除了促进科学经济学的理解并告知当代政策辩论之外，该项目还有几个其他成果。首先，将专利引用与生物医学文章相匹配的模糊匹配算法对对科学和技术政策感兴趣的广泛学者有用。其次，通过在先前的NSF支持下开发的几个开源软件程序的修改来促进该地区的研究。最后，这些发现通过各种媒体传播给广泛的受众，以促进与学者，政策制定者，行业代表和其他利益相关者进行公开对话