Attosecond Time-Resolved Quantum Dynamics in Atoms and Surfaces

原子和表面的阿秒时间分辨量子动力学

• 批准号: 1068752
• 负责人: Uwe Thumm
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: Kansas State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1068752&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Attosecond; Time; Resolved; Quantum; Dynamics

Extraordinary recent advances in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy are beginning to enable investigations of atoms, molecules, clusters, and solids surfaces with an unprecedented resolution of their electronic dynamics, which approaches one attosecond (one attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second). Our investigations of the dynamics of electron emission from atoms and surfaces at the natural time scale of the electronic motion in matter relates to both established and emerging fields of research. The time-resolved study of the electronic dynamics matter will promote the comprehensive understanding of i) elementary physical processes, such as single-electron and collective excitations and ii) the dynamics of electrons and electric fields in metals, semiconductor, and adsorbate-covered surfaces, (bio-) molecules, and nano-particles. These research projects are likely to deepen our insight into photochemical processes and chemical reaction dynamics at surfaces.Supported by numerical modeling, attosecond time-resolved measurements promise novel methods to prepare, probe, and control electronic excitations and the formation and breaking of chemical bonds in complex systems. They thus promise to enhance our understanding at the most fundamental level of chemistry and the biochemical basis of life in general. These research efforts may have a transformative impact on emerging technologies, such as quantum computing, plasmonics, nanocatalysis, and artificial photosynthesis, thereby contributing to the development of efficient catalytic devices needed to secure our energy supply. These investigations also have a strong educational component and will train students and postdocs in applying concepts as well as mathematical and numerical techniques used in modern atomic, optical, surface, and computational physics.

时间分辨光电子能谱的最新进展开始使原子，分子，团簇和固体表面的研究具有前所未有的电子动力学分辨率，接近1阿秒（1阿秒是十亿分之一秒的十亿分之一）。我们的调查，从原子和表面的电子发射的动力学在自然时间尺度的电子运动的物质涉及到既有和新兴的研究领域。电子动力学物质的时间分辨研究将促进对i）基本物理过程的全面理解，例如单电子和集体激发，以及ii）金属、半导体和吸附物中电子和电场的动力学覆盖表面、（生物）分子和纳米颗粒。这些研究项目可能会加深我们对表面光化学过程和化学反应动力学的理解。在数值模拟的支持下，阿秒时间分辨测量有望提供新的方法来制备，探测和控制复杂系统中的电子激发以及化学键的形成和断裂。因此，它们有望增强我们对化学最基本水平和一般生命的生化基础的理解。这些研究工作可能会对新兴技术产生变革性影响，如量子计算、等离子体、纳米催化和人工光合作用，从而有助于开发确保能源供应所需的高效催化设备。这些调查也有很强的教育成分，并将培养学生和博士后应用概念以及现代原子，光学，表面和计算物理中使用的数学和数值技术。