Doctoral Dissertation Research: Cumulative Impacts of Small Reservoir Construction on Evaporation and Water Quality in the Piedmont

博士论文研究：小型水库建设对山前蒸发和水质的累积影响

• 批准号: 1103102
• 负责人: Marguerite Madden
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1103102&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Cumulative; Impacts

Over the last two centuries independent landowners have constructed several thousand small artificial reservoirs across the southeastern United States to provide societal functions such as water supply (livestock, agriculture, golf courses), recreation (fishing, boating), stormwater retention, and aesthetic amenity. Typically located near stream headwaters, these small reservoirs disrupt hydrologic connectivity, fragment habitat, distort water level fluctuations, contribute to evaporative losses, impact sediment distribution, alter water temperature, and modify water chemistry. Despite the recognized impacts of small reservoirs, their effect on hydrological health, evaporative losses, and water quality is poorly understood at both the individual reservoir and cumulative watershed scales. To address these issues, this doctoral dissertation research project examines small reservoir impacts within the Upper and Middle Chattahoochee watersheds of northern Georgia and northeast Alabama. This study specifically addresses the following main objectives: 1) development and assessment of a geographic database of pond construction patterns and distribution over time, 2) prediction of evaporative losses from small reservoirs located within different landuse and simulated climate scenarios, and 3) evaluation of physicochemical water alteration trends upstream and downstream of reservoirs with different trophic conditions. Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis of historic aerial photography and landcover data will be employed to characterize and analyze small reservoir construction over time. Monitoring meteorological characteristics will allow for estimation of local and cumulative evaporative losses from small reservoirs. Modeling evaporative losses from small reservoirs under different climate scenarios will provide predictive statistics to guide reservoir policy and planning. Finally, measurement of physicochemical parameters above and along the reaches downstream from small reservoirs with different trophic conditions will reveal how reservoirs alter water quality. Development and evaluation of historic geographic databases of small reservoirs dating back to the 1950s will enhance our understanding of the changing human impact on landscape and biological systems. Knowledge of reservoir impacts will also inform strategies to manage and better protect freshwater habitats, a crucial need to sustain growing populations and increasingly threatened and endangered aquatic species. In addition, this research will directly inform the work of urban planners, policymakers, and small reservoir owners and allow for improved water allocation strategies both within the U.S. and globally. Small reservoir construction is especially common in developing areas including regions within Africa where several thousand small reservoirs have been constructed over the past 30 years to play an integral role in food production, drought mitigation, and health. Understanding the cumulative impacts of small reservoirs is vitally important for sustaining ecological and societal health and is essential for water management planning at the individual reservoir and basin-wide scales.

在过去的两个世纪里，独立的土地所有者在美国东南部建造了数千个小型人工水库，以提供供水(牲畜、农业、高尔夫球场)、娱乐(钓鱼、划船)、雨水保留和美观便利等社会功能。这些小型水库通常位于河流源头附近，破坏水文连通性，破坏生境，扭曲水位波动，造成蒸发损失，影响沉积物分布，改变水温，改变水化学。尽管人们认识到小型水库的影响，但在单个水库和累积流域尺度上，人们对它们对水文健康、蒸发损失和水质的影响知之甚少。为了解决这些问题，这篇博士论文研究项目考察了佐治亚州北部和阿拉巴马州东北部查塔胡奇上游和中部流域内的小型水库影响。这项研究具体涉及以下主要目标：1)开发和评估池塘建设模式和随时间分布的地理数据库，2)预测位于不同土地利用和模拟气候情景下的小型水库的蒸发损失，以及3)评估不同营养条件下水库上下游的物理化学水变化趋势。将利用地理信息系统(GIS)对历史航空摄影和土地覆盖数据的分析来描述和分析随时间推移的小型水库建设。监测气象特征将能够估计小型水库的局部和累积蒸发损失。对小型水库在不同气候情景下的蒸发损失进行建模，将为指导水库政策和规划提供预测性统计数据。最后，对不同营养条件的小型水库下游河段上方和沿线的物理化学参数进行测量，将揭示水库如何改变水质。开发和评估可追溯到20世纪50年代的小型水库的历史地理数据库将增强我们对人类变化对景观和生物系统影响的理解。对水库影响的了解还将为管理和更好地保护淡水栖息地的战略提供依据，这是维持不断增长的种群和日益受到威胁和濒危的水生物种的关键需要。此外，这项研究将直接为城市规划者、政策制定者和小型水库所有者的工作提供信息，并允许改进美国国内和全球的水资源分配战略。小型水库建设在发展中地区尤其常见，包括非洲境内的地区，在过去30年中，在这些地区修建了数千座小型水库，以在粮食生产、减轻干旱和健康方面发挥不可或缺的作用。了解小型水库的累积影响对于维持生态和社会健康至关重要，对于在个别水库和整个流域范围内进行水管理规划也是至关重要的。

项目成果

High resolution water body mapping for SWAT evaporative modelling in the Upper Oconee watershed of Georgia, USA

美国佐治亚州上奥科尼流域 SWAT 蒸发模型高分辨率水体测绘

• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.11398
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Hydrological Processes
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Ignatius, Amber R.;Jones, John W.
• 通讯作者: Jones, John W.

Small reservoir effects on headwater water quality in the rural-urban fringe, Georgia Piedmont, USA

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.08.005
• 发表时间: 2016-12-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Ignatius, Amber R.;Rasmussen, Todd C.
• 通讯作者: Rasmussen, Todd C.