DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The effects of density, sex ratio, and biparental care on social and genetic monogamy in the mantis shrimp Pullosquilla litoralis

论文研究：密度、性别比例和双亲照顾对螳螂虾 Pullosquilla litoralis 社会和遗传一夫一妻制的影响

• 批准号: 1110772
• 负责人: Roy Caldwell
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1110772&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; effects; density; sex

The existence of social monogamy (when a male and a female live together) has long puzzled researchers since both sexes usually gain more reproductive success by mating with multiple partners. This raises the question: under what conditions will monogamy provide reproductive advantages? The proposed research seeks to test three hypotheses that may explain the evolution of social monogamy in the mantis shrimp Pullosquilla litoralis: even spatial distribution of females, equal sex ratio between males and females, and the need for biparental care. It also tests the effects of even female spatial distribution and sex ratio on genetic monogamy (how many males sire each egg clutch) of P. litoralis to discover, how social mating systems and genetic mating systems interact to shape reproductive behaviors?.P. litoralis is a mantis shrimp that lives in pairs in burrows in sandy marine substrates where both males and females care for eggs by aerating them and removing fouled eggs. The proposed research will be conducted through field studies and experiments at Lizard Island Research Station, Australia. Field studies and experimentation in the marine lab will examine the effects of female spatial distribution and sex ratio on social monogamy in P. litoralis. Paternity testing will elucidate the effects of these factors on genetic monogamy. Laboratory experiments will also examine the effects of biparental care on the reproductive success of male and female P. litoralis. Finally, this research will contribute to management strategies for the conservation of marine crustaceansAs charismatic invertebrates, mantis shrimps are excellent ambassadors for the conservation of coral reefs. Co-PI Wright will share her research with the public through K-12 classroom visits, a field blog that will be hosted by the UC Museum of Paleontology in coordination with the Understanding Science initiative, and undergraduate mentorship.

长期以来，社会一夫一妻制（雄性和雌性生活在一起）的存在一直困扰着研究人员，因为两性通常通过与多个伴侣交配来获得更高的繁殖成功率。这就提出了一个问题：在什么条件下，一夫一妻制会提供生殖优势？该研究旨在验证三个假说，这些假说可能解释螳螂虾（Pullosquilla litoralis）社会一夫一妻制的进化：雌性的均匀空间分布，雄性和雌性之间的性别比例相等，以及对双亲照顾的需求。本文还测试了雌性空间分布和性别比例对litoralis遗传一夫一妻制（每窝卵有多少雄性交配）的影响，以发现社会交配系统和遗传交配系统如何相互作用以形成生殖行为。Litoralis是一种螳螂虾，它们成对生活在沙质海洋基质的洞穴中，雄性和雌性都通过给卵通风和清除受污染的卵来照顾卵。拟议的研究将在澳大利亚蜥蜴岛研究站进行实地研究和实验。海洋实验室的实地研究和实验将考察雌性空间分布和性别比例对滨海拟南鲷社会一夫一妻制的影响。亲子鉴定将阐明这些因素对遗传一夫一妻制的影响。实验室实验还将研究双亲抚育对雄性和雌性褐斑瓢虫繁殖成功的影响。最后，本研究将有助于海洋甲壳类动物保护的管理策略。螳螂虾是极具魅力的无脊椎动物，是珊瑚礁保护的优秀大使。赖特将通过K-12课堂访问与公众分享她的研究，这将是一个由加州大学古生物博物馆与理解科学倡议协调主办的实地博客，以及本科生指导。