Impact of Nonmigrating Tides on the Thermospheric Energy Budget and Constituents

该项目的目的是描绘和了解非迁徙潮汐对电离层-热层系统的大气学重要参数的影响，如组成、红外发射率和热层能量收支。非迁移性潮汐无处不在，已知发生在中性风、温度、中性密度和电离层参数中，如等离子体密度和电场。它们表现在经度和当地时间变化上，最近从地面和空间进行的观测表明这一点很重要。根据这些新的发现，热层的组成以及向低层大气和太空的红外能量发射也可能存在显著的非迁移性潮汐变化。这种可变性将以各种方式影响电离层-热层系统，包括其光化学、能量收支和中性-等离子体耦合。这项调查将审查[O]/[N2]柱密度比以及一氧化氮和二氧化碳体积能量排放率中的潮汐变异性，将其与温度和风中的潮汐定量联系起来，并评估中性等离子体耦合和热层能量收支作为季节和太阳周期函数的相对重要性。为实现这一目标，该项目将协同利用计时卫星上的GUVI和SABER仪器的数据，以及现有的、基于观测的热层温度和风潮模型。GUVI将提供[O]/[N2]柱密度以及军刀一氧化氮和二氧化碳体积发射率分别为5.3微米和15微米的能量。该项目将支持一名博士生，并让暑期本科生参与研究。非迁移性潮汐主要起源于对流层，因为热量在地表附近通过蒸发和冷凝释放。因此，要调查的影响是地球空间对对流层天气的反应以及能量和动量如何从低层传输到高层大气的衡量标准。这项研究将为一个重要的中性-等离子体耦合过程提供观测约束，潮汐[O]/[n2]变化，这是由当前的力学模型和第一原理模型预测的。它将首次深入了解天气对地球的“自然恒温器”的影响，即一氧化氮5.3微米的排放，通过这种排放，热量和太阳能从热层高效地损失到太空和较低的大气中。

This project aims to delineate and understand the impact of non-migrating tides on parameters important to the aeronomy of the ionosphere-thermosphere system, such as constituents, infrared emission rates and the thermospheric energy budget. Non-migrating tides are pervasive and known to occur in neutral winds, temperature, neutral density, and ionospheric parameters such as plasma densities and electric fields. They manifest themselves in longitude and local time variability, which recent observations from ground and space have shown to be significant. Based on these new findings, significant non-migrating tidal variations may also be present in thermospheric composition and in the infrared emission of energy to the lower atmosphere and to space. This variability will affect the ionosphere-thermosphere system in various ways, including its photochemistry, energy budget, and neutral-plasma coupling. The investigation will examine the tidal variability in [O]/[N2] column density ratio and in nitric oxide and carbon dioxide volume emission rates of energy, connect it quantitatively with the tides in temperature and winds and provide an assessment of the relative importance for neutral-plasma coupling and the thermospheric energy budget as function of season and solar cycle. Towards this goal, the project will synergistically employ data from the GUVI and SABER instruments on the TIMED satellite and an existing, observation-based model of temperature and wind tides in the thermosphere. GUVI will provide the [O]/[N2] column density and SABER nitric oxide and carbon dioxide volume emission rates of energy emitted at 5.3 microns and 15 microns, respectively. The project will support a Ph.D. student and involve summer undergraduate students in the research. Non-migrating tides largely originate in the troposphere as heat is released by evaporation and condensation near the surface. The effects to be investigated are thus a measure for the geospace response to tropospheric weather and how energy and momentum are transported from the lower into the upper atmosphere. The study will provide observational constraints for an important neutral-plasma coupling process, tidal [O]/[N2] variations, that is predicted by current mechanistic and first principles models. It will provide first insight into the weather impact on Earth's "natural thermostat", the nitric oxide 5.3 micron emissions, by which heat and solar energy are efficiently lost from the thermosphere to space and to the lower atmosphere.