SBIR Phase I: Development of Physico-Chemically & Biologically Activated Swelling Organosilica-Metal Composites Filter Media in Bioretention Systems for Enhanced Remediation o

这个小企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目将开发生物保留土壤，用于使用工程玻璃材料修复雨水径流和常见污染物。雨水径流是非点源污染的主要组成部分。地表水、地下水和饮用水中存在过量的营养物质、金属、碳氢化合物、除草剂和药物，由于它们的持久性和毒性，特别令人担忧。控制径流污染物将通过将工程玻璃(Osorb)-金属复合材料混合到生物保留系统中来实现。吸附剂从水中吸收各种挥发性有机污染物。Osorb将通过嵌入催化金属颗粒来化学修复污染物。污染物的分解副产品可以在生物保留系统中被生物矿化或被生物群落作为食物消耗。预计在不影响系统水力性能的情况下，Osorb-metal复合材料修正土壤将显著提高多种径流污染物的去除效率。这项研究的更广泛/商业影响包括：大量减少当地有毒径流，通过改善植物健康和土壤保水保护免受洪水和财产损失，改善水生和人类健康，促进可持续的水再利用。据美国环保署估计，径流污染物每年在美国造成大量经济损失，包括；渔业每年直接损失3000多万美元，海滩旅游业每年损失20多亿美元，因为有毒物质关闭，饮用水处理厂的额外处理费用为1700多万美元。州政府和联邦政府正在授权当地的雨水计划来控制雨水污染，随着监管环境的严格，预计雨水径流处理的成本将大幅增加。制定具有成本效益和有效的雨水最佳管理做法将大大减少径流污染物对人类和水生健康的负面影响。西雅图市最近发布了一项2010年的研究，该研究估计，不受控制的雨水径流对经济的影响为1.13亿美元。这些费用包括已证实的野生动物损失、人类获取水资源的机会、水处理的额外费用以及3项记录在案的人类保健方面的额外费用。克利夫兰市和当地流域发布了一份初步报告，得出径流中污染物的人均成本相似。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will develop bio-retention soils for the remediation of storm water runoff and common pollutants using engineered glass materials. Storm water runoff is a major component of non-point source pollution. The presence of excessive nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals in surface, ground and drinking water is of particular concern due to their persistence and toxicity. Controlling runoff pollutants will be accomplished using engineered glass (Osorb)-metal composites mixed into bio-retention systems. Osorb physically absorbs a wide variety of volatile organic pollutants from water. Osorb will chemically remediate pollutants with embedded particles of catalytic metals. Breakdown byproducts of pollutants can be biologically mineralized in bio-retention systems or consumed as foods by the biotic community. It is expected that Osorb-metal composites amended soils will have significantly improved removal efficiency of multiple runoff pollutants without compromising hydraulic performance of the systems. The broader/commercial impacts of this research include: Substantial reduction of local toxic runoffs, protection from flooding and property damage by improving plant health and water-retainment of soils, improvement of aquatic and human health, and facilitation of sustainable water reuse. It is estimated by US EPA, runoff pollutants result in a multitude of economic losses in the US annually including; $30 million + annual direct losses for fishing industries, $2 billion + annual losses for beach tourism due to toxic closures and $17 million+ extra treatment costs in drinking water treatment plants. The state and federal governments are mandating local storm water programs to control storm water pollution and the cost of storm water runoff treatment is expected to significantly increase with a stricter regulatory climate. Developing cost-effective and effective storm water best management practice (BMP) would substantially reduce negative effects of runoff pollutants on human and aquatic health. The City of Seattle recently released a 2010 study which estimated the economic impact of uncontrolled storm-water runoffs at $113M. These costs combined the demonstrated losses to wildlife, human access to water resources, added costs of water treatment and 3 documented additional costs in human health care. The City of Cleveland and the local area watersheds have released a preliminary report reaching similar per-capita costs of pollutants in runoff waters.