SBIR Phase I: Method for Genetic Detection Using Interspersed Genetic Elements

SBIR 第一阶段：利用散布遗传元件进行基因检测的方法

• 批准号: 1113447
• 负责人: Sudhir Sinha
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: InnoGenomics Technologies, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1113447&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Method; Genetic; Detection

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project proposes to develop a next generation forensic human DNA typing system. DNA profiling has gained broad popularity since its first use 25 years ago. Its application has expanded from criminal and parentage issues to mass disasters and battlefield forensics. In addition, the desire to rapidly analyze degraded and minimal samples has also increased exponentially. While DNA analysis of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) is considered routine, scientists continue to explore ways to identify smaller segments of DNA for identification purposes. Mitochondrial sequencing is presently the test of last resort but lacks the discrimination power of nuclear STR typing. As DNA profiling has increased, so has the need for quicker, more robust and less costly tests. This project proposes the use of a microfluidic platform with redesigned primers for the Alu family of Mobile Interspersed Genetic Elements. Alu primer sets producing amplicons in the 100-200 bp range will be typed for Alu insertion polymorphism. Due to the large number of Alus available in the human genome and their known ancestral state, these genetic elements can be a valuable tool for typing degraded DNA samples and in their ability to infer geographic origin. The broader impact and commercial potential of this project is to provide a complete, robust, next generation DNA typing system for human identification. Successful development of a rapid Alu-based DNA typing system would provide the human identity testing market with additional and potentially transformational tools to identify biological samples containing degraded DNA as well as provide clues to the geographic ancestry of a specimen. Supplemental and next generation DNA typing systems will result in the production of more genetic information that can aid society in its search for the truth and justice for victims of violent crimes. Mass disasters, battlefield forensics, as well as routine DNA analysis for crime scene and parentage testing will benefit from a next generation rapid DNA identification system. For forensic applications, a microfluidic platform in conjunction with an Alu-based DNA typing system will address the commercial needs of this industry and at minimum could provide additional information to existing testing methods. Based upon the current human DNA identification testing market the commercial potential of a supplemental Alu-based DNA typing system is in excess of 100 million dollars, thus making a significant commercial impact and positive contribution to the field of human DNA profiling.

这个小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目建议开发下一代法医人类DNA分型系统。DNA图谱自25年前首次使用以来，已经得到了广泛的欢迎。它的应用已经从刑事和亲子关系问题扩展到大规模灾难和战场取证。此外，对快速分析降解和极少量样品的需求也呈指数级增长。虽然短串联重复序列(STR)的DNA分析被认为是例行公事，但科学家们仍在继续探索识别较小DNA片段的方法，以用于识别目的。线粒体测序目前是最后的测试，但缺乏核STR分型的辨别能力。随着DNA图谱的增加，对更快、更可靠、成本更低的测试的需求也在增加。该项目建议使用微流控平台和重新设计的引物，用于移动散布遗传元件的Alu家族。产生100-200bp范围内的扩增片段的AlU引物组将被分型为Alu插入多态。由于人类基因组中有大量的ALU及其已知的祖先状态，这些遗传元件可以成为对退化的DNA样本进行分型和推断地理起源的有价值的工具。该项目的更广泛的影响和商业潜力是为人类身份识别提供一个完整的、强大的下一代DNA分型系统。基于Alu的DNA快速分型系统的成功开发将为人类身份测试市场提供额外的、可能具有变革意义的工具，以识别含有退化DNA的生物样本，并提供样本地理祖先的线索。补充和下一代DNA分型系统将产生更多的基因信息，帮助社会为暴力犯罪受害者寻找真相和正义。大规模灾难、战场取证以及犯罪现场的常规DNA分析和亲子鉴定将受益于下一代快速DNA识别系统。对于法医应用，微流控平台与基于Alu的DNA分型系统相结合将满足该行业的商业需求，至少可以为现有的检测方法提供额外的信息。根据目前的人类DNA鉴定测试市场，基于Alu的补充DNA分型系统的商业潜力超过1亿美元，因此对人类DNA图谱领域产生了重大的商业影响和积极贡献。