CDI Type II: Bridging the Computational Semantic Gap: A Demand-Driven Framework for Portal-Based Chemistry, Astronomy and Neurobiology

CDI II 型：弥合计算语义差距：基于门户的化学、天文学和神经生物学的需求驱动框架

• 批准号: 1125087
• 负责人: Alan Aspuru-Guzik
• 金额: $ 210万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1125087&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CDI; Type; II; Bridging; Computational

We propose a new framework to enhance the quality of scientific computational research in the fields of chemistry, astronomy, and neurobiology. We make an analogy with demand-driven, portal-based online knowledge systems, such as Google Search, Wolfram|Alpha, Expedia and Orbitz. For example, travelers in the recent past relied heavily on travel agents who manipulated complicated flight databases and booking protocols. Nowadays customers can perform searches and make reservations on their own via the web using a simple online interface without any specialized knowledge such as hotel logistics or airport codes. One of the greatest advantages is the freedom to explore the information space autonomously, potentially finding many more travel options, increasing overall competition and quality of results.In our analogy, the application scientist is the traveler and the computer expert is the travel agent. Scientific computation is an accepted third pillar of scientific discovery, alongside traditional experiment and pen-and-paper theory. However, it is very often restricted to a cadre of specialists who have mastered the knowledge of utilizing complicated software tools and hardware, despite massive investment in world-class high-performance computing (HPC) facilities. Successful scientists who lack these computer skills face a semantic gap impeding their potential. Our ultimate vision is to democratize the exploitation of these valuable HPC resources to a broader range of application scientists, inspired by the success of portal-based online services which abstract-away the technical details of a computer platform without sacrificing functionality. Our system will provide access to simulation and data-processing packages on HPC hardware, and facilitate the imaging and visualization of complex data sets. Moreover, a natural-language interface and expert system, based around the Wolfram|Alpha approach, will help to guide productive inquiry and interpretation of results. The selected drivers are: (1) quantum chemistry simulation of thousands of molecules, including the search for advanced materials; (2) imaging massive cosmological datasets from radio telescopes; (3) analysis of high-resolution electron microscope brain images in computational neurobiology.We envisage a broad impact of the work not only in many areas of fundamental research, but also in education. The program will be integrated into courses offered at Harvard and its Extension School, and outreach to minorities and the underprivileged will be accomplished through established mechanisms at the University. The portal format, coupled with an online database of historical results, naturally enables dissemination of research products and offers an ideal platform for training events and workshops.

我们提出了一个新的框架来提高化学、天文学和神经生物学领域的科学计算研究的质量。我们将其与需求驱动、基于门户的在线知识系统（如谷歌Search、Wolfram|Alpha、Expedia和Orbitz）进行类比。例如，最近的旅行者严重依赖旅行社操纵复杂的航班数据库和预订协议。如今，顾客可以通过一个简单的在线界面，通过网络自行进行搜索和预订，而无需了解酒店物流或机场代码等专业知识。最大的优势之一是可以自由自主地探索信息空间，潜在地找到更多的旅游选择，提高整体竞争和结果的质量。在我们的类比中，应用科学家是旅行者，而计算机专家是旅行社。科学计算是公认的科学发现的第三大支柱，与传统的实验和纸笔理论并列。然而，尽管在世界级高性能计算（HPC）设施上进行了大量投资，但它通常仅限于掌握了使用复杂软件工具和硬件知识的专家骨干。缺乏这些计算机技能的成功科学家面临着阻碍他们发挥潜力的语义鸿沟。我们的最终愿景是将这些宝贵的高性能计算资源的开发大众化，让更广泛的应用科学家使用。我们的灵感来自于基于门户的在线服务的成功，这种服务在不牺牲功能的情况下抽象了计算机平台的技术细节。我们的系统将提供对HPC硬件上的模拟和数据处理包的访问，并促进复杂数据集的成像和可视化。此外，基于Wolfram|Alpha方法的自然语言界面和专家系统将有助于指导富有成效的调查和结果解释。选择的驱动因素是：(1)数千个分子的量子化学模拟，包括寻找先进材料；(2)利用射电望远镜对海量宇宙学数据集进行成像；(3)计算神经生物学中高分辨率电子显微镜脑图像分析。我们设想这项工作不仅在许多基础研究领域，而且在教育领域产生广泛的影响。该项目将被纳入哈佛大学及其扩展学院提供的课程中，并将通过哈佛大学的既定机制向少数族裔和弱势群体提供服务。门户网站的形式，加上历史结果的在线数据库，自然能够传播研究成果，并为培训活动和讲习班提供理想的平台。