RAPID: Intercomparison of the Southern Ocean Sea Water pCO2 in IPCC AR5 Coupled Carbon/Climate Models

据估计，南大洋对人为CO2的吸收目前占全球海洋CO2吸收的40%左右。进入海洋的CO2通量是由大气和海洋表层之间的分压（pCO 2）差异驱动的。随着海洋表层pCO 2值的增加，南大洋的吸收速率应该会减慢，除非有其他过程（例如深层平流、表面冷却？）抵消这个。 在过去几十年中，对南大洋pCO 2值的测量表明，南极绕极流（ACC）系统正在变暖，也导致表面pCO 2增加。上升的水南部的各个ACC前线进一步增加（呼吸）pCO 2水平的表面，但可能会抵消在强大的西风系统的南线，环绕南极洲。西风带的这种变化有助于减少可以发生pCO 2交换的海洋面积。这些不同但相互作用的物理因素的相互作用是下一代气候-地球系统模型在预测未来大气CO2浓度方面成功的有用诊断，以及为未来气候预测带来的技能。快速资金支持将允许检查变化，在十年时间销售，在政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的下一个变体中，南大洋pCO 2场的pCO 2场将作为IPCC下一次评估报告（IPCC AR 5）的一部分产生。IPCC AR 5 EaSMs中揭示的南大洋pCO 2随时间变化趋势的相互比较提供了一种评估最佳可用气候模型预测技能的方法。RAPID支持是适当的，因为在公众可访问的档案中的模型输出到达与分析模型输出的论文被接受出版的截止日期之间的时间窗口很短。 第五次评估报告章节的作者不得引用未被同行评审期刊接受发表的研究，论文必须在2012年8月之前被接受，才能在第五次评估报告中引用。

Southern Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is currently estimated to be responsible for about 40% of the global oceanic CO2 uptake. Fluxes of CO2 into the ocean are driven by the differences in the partial pressure (pCO2) between the atmosphere and the surface ocean layer. As the surface ocean layers increase their pCO2 values, the uptake rate of the Southern Ocean should slow, unless other process (e.g. deep advection, surface cooling?) counteract this. Measurements of Southern Ocean pCO2 values over the past several decades have indicated a warming of the massive Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) system, also leading to increasing surface pCO2. Upwelled water south of the various ACC fronts further brings increased (respired) pCO2 levels to the surface, but may be offset by poleward shifts in the strong westerly wind systems south of the fronts which encircle the Antarctic. Such shifts in the westerlies serve to reduce the area of the ocean over which pCO2 exchange can take place. The interplay of these different yet interacting physical factors is a useful diagnostic for the success of the next generation of climate-earth systems models in predicting future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and the skill brought to future climate projections.RAPID funding support will allow the examination of the variations, over decadal time sales, of the Southern Ocean pCO2 fields in the next variants of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coupled carbon/ climate models (earth system models) being produced as part of the next IPCC Assessment Report (IPCC AR5). Intercomparisons of Southern Ocean pCO2 trends over time, as revealed by in IPCC AR5 EaSMs, provides a way of assessing the skill of best available climate model predictions.RAPID support is appropriate due to the short time window between the arrival of the model output in a publicly accessible archive and the deadline for papers analyzing the model output to be accepted for publication. AR5 chapter authors are prohibited from citing research which has not been accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, and papers must be accepted by August 2012 in order to be referenced in the AR5.