Collaborative Research: Post-seismic response updip of the Chilean megathrust earthquake of February 27, 2010

合作研究：2010 年 2 月 27 日智利巨型逆冲地震的震后响应上升

• 批准号: 1129574
• 负责人: Michael Tryon
• 金额: $ 24.99万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-11-15 至 2014-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1129574&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Post; seismic; response

Among the hazards that arise from large earthquakes are the direct effects of great earthquakes, as evidenced by last year?s devastating earthquake off Japan, and local and distant effects of tsunamis. Though they pose enormous risks to life and property in highly populated areas, neither of these phenomena is as yet well understood. The recent great earthquake in Chile did not generate a large tsunami, probably because the rupture produce a surface break at the seafloor. Available evidence suggests that slip did not occur at depths shallower than about 30 km down-dip from the trench. Accordingly, the proponents of this project infer that the outer accretionary wedge that lies along the Chile coast above the rupture zone behaves as a poro-elastic medium that will adjust over time to the new stress regime caused by the earthquake. The aim of the proposal is to observe the effects of this transient adjustment, by deploying a focused array of ocean bottom seismographs equipped with flow meters. The principal broader impact of this effort is considerably improved understanding of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis.

在大地震引起的危害中，有大地震的直接影响，去年就证明了这一点。日本近海的毁灭性地震，以及海啸对当地和遥远地区的影响。虽然它们对人口密集地区的生命和财产构成巨大风险，但这两种现象都还没有得到很好的理解。最近在智利发生的大地震并没有引发大海啸，可能是因为破裂在海底产生了表面破裂。现有的证据表明，滑动没有发生在浅于约30公里的深度从沟槽下倾。因此，该项目的支持者推断，位于破裂带上方沿着智利海岸的外增生楔表现为多孔弹性介质，随着时间的推移，将适应地震引起的新应力状态。该提案的目的是通过部署一组配有流量计的海底地震仪，观察这种瞬时调整的影响。这一努力的主要影响是大大提高了对巨型逆冲断层地震和海啸的认识。