Doctoral Dissertation Research: How Employment Context Shapes Time and Stress Factors

博士论文研究：就业环境如何影响时间和压力因素

• 批准号: 1131551
• 负责人: Jeffrey Olick
• 金额: $ 0.84万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1131551&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; How; Employment

SES - 1131551Jeffrey Olick (PI)Benjamin Snyder (co-PI)University of VirginiaDoctoral Dissertation Research: How Employment Context Shapes Time and Stress FactorsAbstractNumerous studies have shown that time pressure is widespread among workers in today's economy. Demands on our time often exceed our ability to meet them and can become a source of stress that crosses racial, gender, and class boundaries. Moreover, in the American context, stress related to time pressure is considered as contributing to a public health crisis. Two puzzles emerge from existing research: First, objective measures of time use are poor predictors of how people experience time pressure subjectively. In other words, people who work long hours do not necessarily report feeling rushed, overwhelmed, burned out, or pressed for time. Yet, some groups with relatively low work hours and high leisure time do report feeling a great deal of time-related stress. Second, the number of people reporting time pressure has risen over the last few decades, although longitudinal statistics show no clear trend regarding a decrease in leisure time compared to the past.This project addresses this puzzle by analyzing the link between employment context and the subjective experience of time pressure. The central research question is: How do different occupational contexts shape the way people experience time, leading some to experience time as a source of stress? The data collection includes observations of and interviews with executive professionals, truck drivers and unemployed persons. The project evaluates (1) how time pressure is produced in different employment contexts, (2) how the flexibility of one's schedule and the perceived value of one's time shape the flow of work, and (3) how individuals make meaning of a time-pressured life within different cultural contexts.Broader ImpactsThe project addresses pressing public concern about the pace of life in modern societies like the United States. As Americans are increasingly squeezed between complex and often competing demands of work and life, the need to better understand how individuals cope with the new forms of stress created by these fast and fluid social conditions becomes paramount. Project findings will help researchers, policy makers, and employers better understand how different ways of organizing the work experience produce different forms of time-related stress.

jeffrey Olick (PI)Benjamin Snyder（合作PI）弗吉尼亚大学博士论文研究：如何就业环境塑造时间和压力因素摘要大量研究表明，在当今经济中，时间压力在工人中普遍存在。对我们时间的要求往往超出我们的能力，并可能成为跨越种族、性别和阶级界限的压力来源。此外，在美国，与时间压力有关的压力被认为是造成公共健康危机的因素。现有的研究出现了两个谜题：首先，时间使用的客观衡量标准不能很好地预测人们主观感受时间压力的方式。换句话说，长时间工作的人并不一定会感到匆忙、不堪重负、精疲力竭或时间紧迫。然而，一些工作时间相对较短、休闲时间较多的群体确实感到了大量与时间有关的压力。其次，在过去几十年里，报告时间压力的人数有所上升，尽管纵向统计数据显示，与过去相比，休闲时间没有明显减少的趋势。本项目通过分析就业环境与时间压力主观体验之间的联系来解决这一难题。研究的核心问题是：不同的职业环境如何塑造人们体验时间的方式，导致一些人将时间视为压力的来源？数据收集包括对行政专业人员、卡车司机和失业人员的观察和访谈。该项目评估(1)时间压力如何在不同的就业环境中产生，(2)一个人的时间表的灵活性和一个人的时间感知价值如何塑造工作流程，以及(3)个人如何在不同的文化背景下使时间压力的生活有意义。更广泛的影响该项目解决了公众对像美国这样的现代社会生活节奏的迫切关注。随着美国人越来越多地被工作和生活的复杂且经常相互竞争的需求所挤压，更好地了解个人如何应对这些快速变化的社会条件所带来的新形式的压力变得至关重要。项目研究结果将帮助研究人员、政策制定者和雇主更好地理解不同的组织工作经历的方式如何产生不同形式的时间相关压力。