Doctoral Dissertation Research: Disengagement from Terrorism in Northern Ireland and the Basque Country

博士论文研究：北爱尔兰和巴斯克地区摆脱恐怖主义

• 批准号: 1131698
• 负责人: William Rogers Brubaker
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1131698&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Disengagement; Terrorism

Terrorist groups are generally studied in isolation from the social movements in which they are embedded. As a result, understanding the phenomenon of terrorism and the process of its conclusion are limited. This comparative historical investigation of the success of the Northern Irish peace process during the 1990s and the failure over the last decade to achieve peace in the Basque Country of Spain provides an explanation of how terrorism ends based on the contributions of social movement theory.Theory suggests that centralized and hierarchical terrorist movements are better able to negotiatedisengagement from violence than are de-centered, loosely-structured movements. These movement structures are largely a product of the state's counterterrorist efforts. Targeted counterterrorist policy focused on the dismantling of the military wing of the movement allows for the emergence and consolidation of peace factions within terrorist movements. More broadly, focused repression, targeting both violent and non-violent militants, actually favors violence-advocating hardliners. Combining both archival and interview-based research, this research reconstructs the strategic discourse that occurred within the Irish and Basque movements in order to demonstrate the specific constraints these movements faced in ending violence. It also reconstructs the ways in which peace factions within the movements overcame the constraints and worked to end terrorist conflicts.This research has implications beyond providing an explanation for the Irish success and Basque failure. First, by exploring the interactions between counterterrorism and internal movement politics, the findings can contribute to crafting policy which facilitates the emergence and development of peace factions within terrorist movements. Second, this research provides policy-makers and mediators with a better understanding of particular dilemmas and obstacles that peace factions face within their movements in leaving violence behind. Finally, recent developments in Basque politics make this project especially timely. On September 5, 2010, ETA initiated yet another ceasefire. By informing policy audiences in Spain of the ways in which previous attempts to resolve the conflict failed, and by identifying applicable parallels from the "successful" Irish case, this project can contribute to advancing strategies which could facilitate the eventual resolution of violent conflict in the Basque country.

对恐怖主义团体的研究一般是与它们所参与的社会运动分开进行的。因此，对恐怖主义现象及其结论的理解是有限的。这种对20世纪90年代北方爱尔兰和平进程的成功和过去10年西班牙巴斯克地区和平进程的失败的比较历史研究，提供了一种基于社会运动理论贡献的恐怖主义如何结束的解释。理论表明，集中和分级的恐怖主义运动比分散的恐怖主义运动更有能力谈判脱离暴力，结构松散的运动。这些运动结构在很大程度上是国家反恐努力的产物。有针对性的反恐政策侧重于解散该运动的军事部门，这使得恐怖主义运动内部出现并巩固了和平派别。更广泛地说，针对暴力和非暴力武装分子的集中镇压实际上有利于倡导暴力的强硬派。结合档案和访谈为基础的研究，本研究重建的战略话语，发生在爱尔兰和巴斯克运动，以展示这些运动面临的具体限制，在结束暴力。它还重建了和平派别在运动中克服了限制，并努力结束恐怖主义conflictions.This研究的影响超出了爱尔兰的成功和巴斯克的失败提供一个解释。首先，通过探讨反恐和内部运动政治之间的相互作用，研究结果可以有助于制定政策，促进恐怖主义运动中和平派别的出现和发展。第二，这项研究使决策者和调解人更好地了解和平派别在其运动中摆脱暴力所面临的特殊困境和障碍。最后，巴斯克政治的最新发展使这个项目特别及时。2010年9月5日，埃塔再次发起停火。通过向西班牙的政策受众介绍以前解决冲突的尝试失败的方式，并通过从“成功的”爱尔兰案例中找出适用的相似之处，该项目可以有助于推进有助于最终解决巴斯克地区暴力冲突的战略。