Studying Eruptions and Lava Flows on Ontong Java Plateau with High-Precision Glass Chemistry

利用高精度玻璃化学研究翁通爪哇高原的喷发和熔岩流

• 批准号: 1132038
• 负责人: Peter Michael
• 金额: $ 19.18万
• 依托单位: University of Tulsa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1132038&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studying; Eruptions; Lava; Flows; Ontong

Large igneous provinces, like the Snake River Plain in Washington State or the Deccan Traps of India, represent huge outpourings of basalt from the mantle and are prominent geologic features of the land and seafloor. Due to their immense size and the vast amount of reduced fluids and other volatiles they release upon eruption, these eruptive sequences have major impacts on local and global environmental and atmospheric conditions. The Ontong Java Plateau in the Pacific Ocean is one of these provinces and was erupted almost entirely underwater where it affected global ocean chemistry. This research develops novel new methods for determining the length, volume, duration, style, and depth of lava flow emplacement at Ontong Java. Samples of basaltic glasses from cores collected by the Ocean Drilling Program will be analyzed for volatile species (Cl, S, H2O, CO2) by very precise electron microprobe, FTIR, and laser ablation ICPMS. Major and trace elements will also be analyzed. Statistical methods will be used to determine if different samples are from the same flow field and/or eruption. Samples both within and between drill holes will be compared. Goals are to determine if individual lava flows can be traced hundreds of kilometers and to use this information to constrain lava flow size and emplacement rates. The broader impacts of the work include a large service-learning component that will engage undergraduates with K-12 students, as well as carry out an innovative simulated oceanographic voyage that will integrate research and education and impact over 100 undergraduates. In terms of other workforce development, a graduate student will be trained and students will be taken to professional society meetings to present the results of their work. Additional impacts include the fact that funds will be provided to an institution in an EPSCoR state (Oklahoma), international collaboration with German scientists, and the interlaboratory calibration of volatile data. Results of the work are complementary to those of the NSF-funded Ocean Drilling Program.

大型火成岩省，如华盛顿州的蛇河平原或印度的德干圈闭，代表着巨大的玄武岩从地幔中涌出，是陆地和海底的突出地质特征。由于它们的巨大规模，以及它们在喷发时释放的大量还原的液体和其他挥发物，这些喷发序列对当地和全球的环境和大气条件产生了重大影响。太平洋的安通爪哇高原就是这些省份之一，它几乎完全在水下喷发，影响了全球海洋化学。这项研究为确定安通爪哇熔岩流侵位的长度、体积、持续时间、类型和深度开发了新的方法。大洋钻探计划采集的岩心玄武岩玻璃样品将用非常精密的电子探针、傅里叶变换红外光谱和激光烧蚀ICPMS进行挥发性物质(氯、S、水、二氧化碳)的分析。还将对常量元素和微量元素进行分析。将使用统计方法来确定不同的样本是否来自相同的流场和/或喷发。将对钻孔内和钻孔之间的样本进行比较。目标是确定是否可以追踪到数百公里外的单个熔岩流，并利用这一信息来限制熔岩流的大小和侵入率。这项工作的更广泛影响包括一个大型服务学习部分，将使本科生与K-12学生接触，并开展一项创新的模拟海洋航程，将研究和教育结合在一起，影响100多名本科生。在其他劳动力发展方面，将培训一名研究生，并将学生带到专业协会会议上介绍他们的工作成果。其他影响包括将向EPSCoR州(俄克拉荷马州)的一家机构提供资金的事实，与德国科学家的国际合作，以及不稳定数据的实验室间校准。这项工作的结果是对NSF资助的海洋钻探计划的补充。