Multigenerational effects of nanomaterials on populations of the ecological model Daphnia magna

1134013 Klaper为了最大限度地减轻纳米材料对环境的潜在负面影响，需要有关其可能造成的损害类型以及使其有害的纳米材料特性的信息。利用这些信息带来了对环境影响很小的工程纳米材料的可能性。纳米材料的核心成分和表面化学都对水生生物的生存和生理有影响，如水蚤。初步实验表明，接触纳米材料的潜在影响超出了父母一代，延伸到未接触的后代。该项目将研究一代人接触纳米材料如何影响后代人，以及它们如何造成这些多代影响。此外，这些实验将研究纳米材料的化学变化如何影响代际效应。大型蚤将被用作模式水生生物，因为它们是确定生态影响的模式物种，现在是研究毒素与基因组相互作用的公认模式物种。使用这种物种，纳米粒子实验的结果可以与已经为其他化学和环境应激源开发的基因组和毒理学信息进行比较。这种方法将深入了解化学如何在纳米材料-生物体相互作用中发挥作用，并将提供假设和方法，以测试其他类型的颗粒。通过与NIST合作，将开发标准化程序，供科学界其他人使用，以评估其他纳米材料的健康和安全性。最终产品将不仅是关于各种纳米材料的毒理学数据，而且是评估其他纳米材料的工具。该项目还将涉及对学生进行生态学、毒理学、基因组学和工程学方面的跨学科培训。

1134013KlaperIn order to best mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts of nanomaterials, information is needed regarding the types of damage they may cause and the properties of nanomaterials that make them harmful. Using this information brings the possibility of engineering nanomaterials that have the little environmental impact. Nanomaterial core composition and surface chemistry both have an influence on the survival and physiology of aquatic organisms such as Daphnia. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated a potential impact of nanomaterial exposure that extends beyond the parent generation to subsequent unexposed generations. This project will examine how exposure to nanomaterials in one generation can impact subsequent generations and how they may cause these multi-generational impacts. In addition, these experiments will examine how changes in the chemistry of nanomaterials can influence intergenerational effects. Daphnia magna will be used as a model aquatic organism as they are a model species to determine ecological impacts and are now a recognized model species for studies of the interaction of toxins with the genome. Using this species, results from nanoparticle experiments can be compared to genomic and toxicology information that has already been developed for other chemical and environmental stressors. This approach will provide insight into how chemistry can play a role in nanomaterial-organism interactions and will provide hypotheses and methods with which to test with other types of particles. By working with NIST, standardized procedures will be developed that can be used by others in the scientific community to evaluate health and safety of other nanomaterials. The ultimate product will be not only toxicological data on a diverse set of nanomaterials but a tool with which to evaluate other nanomaterials. This project will also involve cross-disciplinary training of students in ecology, toxicology, genomics and engineering.