EAGER: SmartGreen: An Adaptive Architecture for Management of Large Energy Storage Systems

我们面临着全球气候变化、能源成本上升及其对国家竞争力和安全的影响等前所未有的挑战。为了减少温室气体排放和对进口化石燃料的依赖，必须收集尽可能多的可再生能源，这反过来又可以从高效的大规模储能系统中受益，从而可以缓冲可变的能源供应。 电池技术的最新进展使得使用电池来存储能量成为可能，然后为产生显著能量负载的平台供电，例如运输车辆、家庭和工业建筑。然而，缓慢的改进步伐不足以使可再充电电池的性能与（例如）常规动力系统（包括汽油内燃机）竞争，并且成为（例如）常规动力系统的有吸引力的替代方案。特别地，当大量电池单元（例如，Tesla S型号的6800个电池组和GM Volt的300个电池组）放在一起作为电池组，它们的电化学相互作用和反应可以缩短电池组？尽管单个细胞的质量很高，但它的寿命仍然很长。这个研究项目探讨了如何有效的电池管理（BM）可以扩展包？只要组成细胞可以持续，十个？15年）。该项目正在开发一个基于主动监测和控制机制的整体架构SMARTGREEN。 SMARTGREEN最大限度地发挥了电池管理算法、软件（网络）和可重新配置电池硬件（物理）之间的协同作用，这些算法紧密耦合。SMARTGREEN专注于：智能监控、主动计算、主动控制和动态重新配置，协同工作，显著延长电池寿命和工作时间。

We are faced with unprecedented challenges stemming from global climate change, rising energy cost, and their impact on national competitiveness and security. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on imported fossil fuels, it is imperative to harvest as much renewable energy as possible, which, in turn, can benefit from efficient large-scale energy storage systems that can buffer variable energy supply. Recent progress in battery technology has made it possible to use batteries to store energy, and then power platforms that incur a significant energy load, such as transportation vehicles, homes, and industrial buildings. However, the slow pace of improvement is insufficient to make the performance of rechargeable batteries competitive with, and an attractive alternative to (for example) conventional powertrains, including gasoline combustion engines. In particular, when a large number of battery cells (e.g., a 6800-cell pack for Tesla S model and a 300-cell pack for GM Volt) are put together as a pack, their electrochemical interaction and reaction can shorten the pack?s life significantly despite the high quality of individual cells. This research project explores how efficient battery management (BM) can extend the pack?s life for as long as the constituent cells can last (e.g., 10?15 years). This project is developing a holistic architecture, SMARTGREEN, based on active monitoring and control mechanisms. SMARTGREEN maximizes the synergy between battery management algorithms, software (cyber), and reconfigurable battery hardware (physical), that are tightly-coupled. SMARTGREEN focuses on: intelligent monitoring, active computation, proactive prognostics, and dynamic reconfiguration, operating in tandem to dramatically extend battery life and operation-time.