CPS:Small: Imposing Recovery Period for Battery Health Monitoring, Prognosis, and Optimization

随着电动汽车、智能手机和物联网设备等电池供电系统的普及，电池对每个人的日常生活和业务都至关重要。然而，电池的健康状况会随着时间的推移而下降，不仅会降低系统的可靠性，如意外的系统关闭，还会导致过热/气体，从而增加安全风险，如热失控，甚至电池起火/爆炸。为了解决这些问题，我们必须在整个物理系统寿命期间监测、预测和优化电池的健康状况。然而，现有的电池管理系统（bmse）通常被视为附加/嵌入到电池中的互补系统组件，无法根据系统动态或用户需求自适应地做出最佳的健康管理决策。我们的方法将网络（电池管理软件）和物理（电池状态感知）紧密结合在一起，从而显著提高电池寿命和性能。该项目的研究、推广和教育活动将对CPS研究界和产业界产生更广泛的影响，弥合两者之间的差距，提供环境友好的解决方案，提高对CPS的认识，培养熟练的人力资源。它还将通过延长电池寿命和提高性能，对经济和环境产生重大影响。该项目将开发R-AWARE，这是一种恢复期辅助电池健康管理系统，可以在考虑系统/用户需求和电池健康的同时安排系统运行。R-AWARE将通过电池充电/放电的放松感知电池调度和基于回收的热控制来改善电池健康状况。它将通过全面了解电池回收，并在系统运行期间通过恢复感知调度程序利用它，从而推进CPS科学。具体来说，R-AWARE基于对电池健康的物理恢复效应的透彻理解，这是现有bse无法利用的系统优化的新维度。然后，R-AWARE采用网络物理方法，根据电池/系统/环境的各种物理特性调整其决策，进行电池健康管理。最后，R-AWARE通过利用用户行为/需求提供的机会来改善电池健康状况，而不会降低用户体验。该项目的性能目标是使电池健康退化速度降低40%。

The prevalence of battery-powered systems such as electric vehicles, smartphones, and IoT devices has made batteries crucial to everyone's daily life and business. Battery health, however, degrades over time, not only decreasing system reliability such as unexpected system shutoffs, but also causing overheating/gassing which, in turn, increases safety risks such as thermal runaway or even battery fire/explosion. To address these problems, we must monitor, prognose, and optimize battery health throughout the physical system life. However, existing battery management systems (BMSes) are usually treated as complementary system components attached/embedded to/in batteries, and are unable to make optimal health management decisions adaptively based on system dynamics or user requirements. Our approach tightly integrates the cyber (battery management software) and the physical (sensing of battery state) to enable significant improvements in battery life and performance. The research, outreach, and education activities of this project will have broader impacts on the CPS research and industry communities, bridging the gap between them, providing environment-friendly solutions, increasing the awareness of CPS, and developing skilled human resources. It will also make significant economical and environmental impacts by enabling longer battery life and improved performance. This project will develop R-AWARE, a recovery period-assisted battery health management that schedules system operation while considering both system/user requirements and battery health. R-AWARE will improve battery health via relaxation-aware battery scheduling of battery charging/discharging, and recovery-based thermal control. It will advance the science of CPS by uncovering a thorough understanding of battery recovery and exploiting it via a recovery-aware scheduler during system operation. Specifically, R-AWARE is grounded on a thorough understanding of the physical recovery effects on battery health -- a new dimension for system optimization existing BMSes fail to exploit. R-AWARE then takes a cyber-physical approach for battery health management by adapting its decisions based on various physical properties of batteries/systems/environment. Finally, R-AWARE improves battery health by exploiting the opportunities offered by user behavior/requirements without degrading user experience. A performance goal of the project is to enable a 40% slowdown in battery health degradation.