Formation Mechanisms of Iodinated Disinfection By-Products from X-Ray Contrast Media

X射线造影剂碘化消毒副产物的形成机制

• 批准号: 202725307
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Ternes
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/202725307?language=en
• 关键词: Formation; Mechanisms; Iodinated; Disinfection; Products

In this cooperative project, the mechanisms will be elucidated and a kinetic model will be designed for the formation of iodinated disinfection by-products (iodo-DBPs) when chlorinated oxidants (i.e., chlorine and chloramines) react with iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) or their biological transformation products (TPs). ICM and their TPs are capable of passing biological barriers, as well as to some extent, sorptive barriers, such as activated carbon. ICM have been detected in several U.S. and European surface waters up to several μg/L, as well as in drinking water up to several 100 ng/L. ICM TPs were detected in ground water and drinking water up to 500 ng/L. Disinfection with chlorinated oxidants leads to the transformation only of selected ICM to form highly toxic, low molecular weight DBPs, such iodo-acids and iodo-trihalomethanes (iodo-THMs). In preliminary experiments, only iopamidol was significantly transformed, while diatrizoate, iohexol, iomeprol and iopromide were not significantly oxidized by HOCl. For this U.S.-German initiative, reaction pathways and the kinetic parameters will be elucidated for the oxidant reactions with ICM. Furthermore, the chemical structures of higher molecular weight and lower molecular weight ICM oxidation products will be identified, and the influence of treatment conditions (i.e., pH, natural organic matter [NOM], and bromide concentrations) on iodo-DBP formation will be determined. Additionally, the toxicity of these reaction mixtures will be assessed to determine whether oxidant reactions with ICM result in increased toxicity caused by DBPs.

在这个合作项目中，将阐明当氯化氧化剂（即氯和氯胺）与碘化X射线造影剂（ICM）或其生物转化产物（TPs）反应时形成碘化消毒副产物（碘-DBPs）的机理并设计动力学模型。 ICM 及其 TP 能够穿过生物屏障，并且在某种程度上能够穿过吸附屏障，例如活性炭。在美国和欧洲的一些地表水中已检测到 ICM，含量高达数 μg/L，饮用水中 ICM 含量高达数 100 ng/L。在地下水和饮用水中检测到的 ICM TP 含量高达 500 ng/L。用氯化氧化剂消毒只会导致选定的 ICM 转化为高毒性、低分子量的 DBP，例如碘酸和碘三卤甲烷 (iodo-THM)。在初步实验中，只有碘帕醇被显着转化，而泛影酸盐、碘海醇、碘美丙醇和碘普罗胺没有被HOCl显着氧化。对于这项美德倡议，将阐明 ICM 的氧化剂反应的反应途径和动力学参数。此外，还将鉴定较高分子量和较低分子量 ICM 氧化产物的化学结构，并确定处理条件（即 pH、天然有机物 [NOM] 和溴化物浓度）对碘-DBP 形成的影响。此外，还将评估这些反应混合物的毒性，以确定与 ICM 的氧化反应是否会导致 DBP 引起的毒性增加。

项目成果

Transformation of iopamidol during chlorination.

氯化过程中碘帕醇的转化

• DOI: 10.1021/es503609s
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Environmental science & technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Friedrich M. Wendel;Christian Lütke Eversloh;Edward J. Machek;Stephen E. Duirk;Michael J. Plewa;Susan D. Richardson;Thomas A. Ternes
• 通讯作者: Thomas A. Ternes