RAPID: Investigation on the Performance of Buildings with Structural Walls in the Tohoku, Japan, Earthquake of 2011

这一快速研究反应(RAPID)奖的目的是调查2011年日本东北地震中结构墙建筑的性能。这项调查的目标是(1)收集东北地区具有主要结构墙的建筑的抗震性能的定量数据，(2)将其与在智利获得的类似信息进行比较，(3)确定在两个地点观察到的成功和失败的原因，(4)测试最先进的模拟工具再现现场发生的情况的能力，以及(5)以简短的声明和/或可用于设计更安全结构的算法来总结研究结果。智利、日本和美国的建筑标准是可比的。然而，2010年智利莫勒地震造成了严重的结构故障，这表明我们在钢筋混凝土结构墙中高层建筑的抗震技术方面存在关键缺失环节。在峰值地面加速度不超过0.4g的智利康塞普西翁，近7%的10层以上建筑被疏散并计划拆除。相比之下，2011年日本东北地区地震引起的地面运动强度与康塞普西翁地区相同或更大(峰值地面加速度超过2g)，但建筑物损坏的频率较低。这项调查所产生的知识将有助于地震区城市居民的安全。这项调查将消除未来地震造成的巨大经济和人员损失。此外，必要的实地考察还包括让学生参与丰富的教育和文化活动。调查结果将通过NEEShub.org向公众公布，NEEShub.org是一个由NSF资助的致力于提高工程技术诀窍的轻松和普遍访问的网站。

The objective of this Rapid Research Response (RAPID) award is to investigate the performance of buildings with structural walls in the Tohoku, Japan, earthquake of 2011. The goals of this investigation are (1) to collect quantitative data on the seismic performance of buildings with dominant structural walls in the Tohoku region, (2) to compare it with similar information obtained in Chile, (3) to identify the causes of successes and failures observed in the two locations, (4) to test the ability of state-of-the-art simulation tools to reproduce what occurred in the field, and (5) to summarize the findings in brief statements and/or algorithms that can be used to design safer structures. Building standards in Chile, Japan, and the US are comparable. Nevertheless, the Maule, Chile, Earthquake of 2010 caused severe structural failures that demonstrated that there are critical missing links in our technology related to earthquake resistance of mid- to high-rise buildings with structural reinforced concrete walls. In Concepción, Chile, where the peak ground acceleration did not exceed 0.4g, nearly 7 percent of the buildings with more than 10 stories were evacuated and scheduled for demolition. In contrast, the intensity of the ground motion caused by the earthquake of 2011 in the Japanese region of Tohoku was as large or larger than in Concepción (with peak ground accelerations exceeding 2g), but the frequency of building damage was lower.The knowledge to be generated by this investigation will contribute to the safety of urban populations in seismic regions. The investigation will lead to elimination of massive economic and human losses in future earthquakes. In addition, the necessary fieldwork will involve the participation of students in a rich educational and cultural activity. The findings of the investigation will be made available to the public through NEEShub.org, an easily and universally accessible NSF-funded web site dedicated to improving engineering knowhow.