Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Value of Reciprocity: Copper, Exchange, and Social Interaction in the Middle Atlantic Region of the Eastern Woodlands

生活在东部林地的美洲原住民在4500多年前就参与了广泛的贸易网络。这些网络构成了这些古代人口社会体系的重要组成部分。有证据表明，铜等外来资源的贸易广泛存在，尽管人们对其来源和范围知之甚少，尤其是在大西洋中部地区。在R. Michael Stewart博士的指导下，Gregory Lattanzi将研究早期和中期林地时期（公元前600年至公元800年）的铜制品的化学组成，以便更多地了解以前研究较少的地区的史前社会组织。这项工作可以概括为在简单的技术组织水平上对促进社会秩序和社会一体化的机制提供了基本的见解。早期和中期林地时期的特点是群体互动和社会复杂性的增加，如仪式化的埋葬和异国情调的人工制品，如铜。Lattanzi先生使用了一种最先进的技术，激光烧蚀多收集器电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-MC-ICP-MS），从元素上表征了这一时期几个重要地点的铜文物，包括阿伯特农场国家历史地标和新泽西州的罗森克兰斯码头遗址，马里兰州的纳萨旺戈遗址和纽约的埋葬山。通过对这些地点发现的铜制品进行化学分析，并将它们与大西洋中部的各种铜地质来源进行比较，拉坦兹旨在证明古代人口使用铜的来源，从而提供有关当时贸易网络类型和范围的信息。此外，通过比较在单个地点（缓存）发现的单个文物的化学组成，他将确定是否有一个或多个贸易网络在运作，以及这些网络是否随着时间而变化。该项目直接协助了Lattanzi先生的研究生教育。它还将更广泛地促进与公立和私立博物馆和大学的合作。这将为将研究纳入教育和公众传播创造新的机会。这项研究的结果将通过同行评审的出版物传播，原始数据将在互联网上免费提供，供公众使用。在密苏里大学研究反应堆考古实验室使用LA-MC-ICP-MS设备有助于完成该机构的使命，为科学研究和培养尖端分析技术的学生做出贡献。

Native Americans living in the Eastern Woodlands participated in extensive trade networks beginning over 4,500 years ago. These networks formed an important part of the social systems of these ancient populations. There is evidence for widespread trade in exotic resources like copper, though little is known about its origin and extent particularly in the Middle Atlantic region. Under the guidance of Dr. R. Michael Stewart, Gregory Lattanzi will study the chemical make-up of copper artifacts dating from the Early and Middle Woodland periods (600 BC to AD 800) in order to learn more about prehistoric social organization in a region that has previously been poorly studied. The work can be generalized provide basic insight into the mechanisms which function to promote social order and integration in societies at a simple level of technological organization.The Early and Middle Woodland periods are characterized by increasing group interactions and social complexity, as evidenced by ritualized burials and exotic artifacts such as copper. Mr. Lattanzi use a state-of-the-art technique, Laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS), to elementally characterize copper artifacts from several significant sites from this time period including the Abbott Farm National Historic Landmark and the Rosenkrans Ferry site in New Jersey, the Nassawango site in Maryland, and Burial Ridge in New York. By chemically analyzing copper artifacts found at these sites, and comparing them to various geological sources of copper located throughout the Middle Atlantic, Mr. Lattanzi aims to demonstrate the origin of copper used by ancient populations, thus providing information about the type and extent of the trade network that existed. Further, by comparing the chemical makeup of individual artifacts found at a single location (cache) he will determine if one or multiple trade networks were in operation and if those networks changed over time. The project directly assist in Mr. Lattanzi's graduate student education. It will also more broadly promote collaboration with public and private museums and universities. This will create new opportunities for incorporating research into education, and public dissemination. The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, and raw data will be freely available on the Internet for public use. The use of LA-MC-ICP-MS facilities at the Archaeometry Laboratory at the University of Missouri Research Reactor helps to fulfill this institution's mission to contribute to scientific research and training students in cutting-edge analytic technology.