Orographic Effects on Precipitating Cloud Systems

地形对降水云系统的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1144105
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2012-02-01 至 2016-01-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

A broad understanding of orographic precipitation processes is vital to the forecasting of heavy rain, floods, and severe weather. Most precipitation on earth occurs in connection with frontal systems, convective storms, or tropical cyclones. The precipitation of these storms is enhanced, redistributed and concentrated when the storms occur near or over mountains. This study tries to advance understanding of these effects, for all three types of storms. The research effort will be based on existing but not fully exploited datasets from several field campaigns. High-resolution model simulations with several of the latest ice-phase microphysical schemes will supplement the field observation studies. The study leverages collaborations to facilitate examination of a range of storm types near different mountain ranges (Alps, Cascades, Canadian Coast Mts., Sierra Nevada, Andes, Himalayas, and Taiwan Central Mts.).For frontal systems passing over mountain ranges, this research will test hypotheses of precipitation enhancement suggested by the MAP and IMPROVE II field programs and determine if these ideas have applicability to storms in the vicinities of diverse mountain ranges. In particular, data from SNOW-V10 will be used to determine the existence and characteristics of decoupled flows, accompanying shear, and down-valley flows in the mountain setting of the Canadian western coast. Comparison of data from Alps, Coast Mountains, and Sierra Nevada range will be used to determine whether the turbulence in these layers has the specific form of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. The development of decoupled layers by barrier jet formation will be explored by model simulation of fronts approaching the Andes. For convective systems, we will examine the triggering and downstream development of intense convective systems as a result of the impingement of low-level flow on mountains and the enhancement of mesoscale convective systems passing over large mountains. The triggering mechanism will be examined with model simulations and data analysis in the Andean region. The modeling will test the hypothesis that orographic subsidence holds back the deep convection by capping of the moist low-level moist jet until the jet breaks the cap by striking a foothill. Downstream evolution of the orogenic convection into a mesoscale system will be examined with the model. The enhancement of a mesoscale convective system passing over steep terrain will be examined by simulating the 2010 Leh flood case over the Himalayas. The precipitation mechanisms in the orographically triggered and modified convective systems will be examined using radar data from operational and research radars in Taiwan.For tropical cyclones, Taiwan radar data will be analyzed for Typhoon Morakot (2009), which caused devastating flooding when its rain was orographically enhanced. We will explore the hypotheses that warm-rain growth was crucial to the enhancement, and model simulations will test the results.Intellectual merit: The results of this study will improve basic understanding of the role of mountains in affecting all major precipitation systems across the globe. The research will use existing but unexploited field campaign datasets and the latest versions of high-resolution numerical forecast models to examine the precipitation processes occurring in all major storm types (fronts, convective storms, and tropical cyclones) when they occur near or over mountains. Inclusion of all major storm types and examination over geographically separated mountain ranges will achieve generality.Broader impacts: Improved observations and understanding of how mountains affect precipitation will lead to improved prediction of severe flooding, hail, tornadoes, and winds. The storms investigated in this study have caused hundreds of casualties and great property damage, and the research will incorporate investigation of their human impacts.
对地形降水过程的广泛了解对暴雨、洪水和恶劣天气的预报至关重要。地球上的大多数降水都与锋面系统、对流风暴或热带气旋有关。当风暴发生在山脉附近或山脉上方时,这些风暴的降水会增强、重新分布和集中。这项研究试图促进对这三种风暴的影响的理解。研究工作将基于几个实地活动中现有但尚未充分利用的数据集。采用几种最新冰相微物理方案的高分辨率模型模拟将补充实地观测研究。该研究利用合作来促进对不同山脉(阿尔卑斯山脉、喀斯喀特山脉、加拿大海岸山脉、内华达山脉、安第斯山脉、喜马拉雅山脉和台湾中部山脉)附近一系列风暴类型的检查。对于经过山脉的锋面系统,本研究将测试MAP和IMPROVE II野外项目提出的降水增强假设,并确定这些想法是否适用于不同山脉附近的风暴。特别是,SNOW-V10的数据将用于确定加拿大西海岸山区环境中解耦流、伴随切变流和下山谷流的存在及其特征。阿尔卑斯山脉、海岸山脉和内华达山脉的数据比较将用于确定这些层中的湍流是否具有开尔文-亥姆霍兹波的特定形式。通过对接近安第斯山脉锋面的模式模拟,将探讨由阻挡射流形成的解耦层的发展。对于对流系统,我们将研究低层气流对山脉的冲击和中尺度对流系统经过大型山脉的增强所导致的强对流系统的触发和下游发展。将通过安第斯地区的模型模拟和数据分析来检验触发机制。该模型将验证地形沉降通过盖住潮湿的低层湿喷流来抑制深层对流的假设,直到射流撞击山麓而打破盖层。该模式将考察造山带对流向中尺度系统的下游演化过程。通过模拟2010年喜马拉雅山上列城洪水的情况,将检验一个中尺度对流系统通过陡峭地形的增强。本文将利用台湾的业务雷达和研究雷达资料,研究地形触发和修正对流系统的降水机制。对于热带气旋,台湾的雷达资料将分析莫拉克台风(2009),该台风在地形增强时造成了毁灭性的洪水。我们将探索暖雨增长对增强至关重要的假设,模型模拟将验证结果。知识价值:这项研究的结果将提高对山脉在影响全球所有主要降水系统中的作用的基本认识。该研究将使用现有但尚未开发的野外活动数据集和最新版本的高分辨率数值预测模型,以检查所有主要风暴类型(锋面、对流风暴和热带气旋)发生在山脉附近或山脉上方时发生的降水过程。包括所有主要的风暴类型,并在地理上分开的山脉上进行检查,将实现普遍性。更广泛的影响:对山区如何影响降水的观测和理解的改进将改善对严重洪水、冰雹、龙卷风和大风的预测。本研究调查的风暴造成了数百人伤亡和巨大的财产损失,研究将包括对其人类影响的调查。

项目成果

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Robert Houze其他文献

Robert Houze的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Robert Houze', 18)}}的其他基金

Precipitation Mechanisms over Complex Terrain
复杂地形降水机制
  • 批准号:
    1503155
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
S-PolKa Radar Observations of the Cloud Population in DYNAMO (DYNAmics of the Madden-julian Oscillation (MJO))
DYNAMO 中云群的 S-PolKa 雷达观测(马登-朱利安振荡 (MJO) 动力学)
  • 批准号:
    1355567
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Radar Observations of the Cloud Population in the Developing Madden-Julian Oscillation
发展中的马登-朱利安振荡中云群的雷达观测
  • 批准号:
    1059611
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) Scientific Program Overview
合作研究:MJO (DYNAMO) 动力学科学计划概述
  • 批准号:
    1023539
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Tropical Cyclone Structure and Dynamics Based on Data from the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Experiment (RAINEX)
基于飓风雨带和强度实验 (RINEX) 数据的热带气旋结构和动力学
  • 批准号:
    0743180
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Orographic Precipitation Processes in Midlatitudes and Tropics
中纬度和热带地区的地形降水过程
  • 批准号:
    0820586
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Studies of Orographic Precipitation in Cool and Warm Climates
凉爽和温暖气候下的地形降水研究
  • 批准号:
    0505739
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Observational and Modeling Study of Hurricane Rainbands and Intensity Changes
合作研究:飓风雨带和强度变化的观测和模拟研究
  • 批准号:
    0432623
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Orographic Enhancement of Precipitation in Mid-latitude Baroclinic Waves
地形对中纬度斜压波降水的增强作用
  • 批准号:
    0221843
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Precipitation Processes in Convection and over Mountains
对流和山区降水过程
  • 批准号:
    9817700
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 56.1万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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