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Is carbon biosequestration by plants feasible? Revealing the source of carbon embedded in phytoliths by using isotope analyses (Gamma-13C and 14C measurements) and nanoparticles

植物碳生物固存是否可行？

基本信息

批准号：
1144888
负责人：
Guaciara dos Santos
金额：
$ 28.76万
依托单位：
University of California-Irvine
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-02-01 至 2017-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1144888&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
carbon biosequestration plants feasible Revealing

项目摘要

Plants absorb the chemical element silicon from soil through their roots and transport it into their aboveground parts. The deposit of silicon results in minute structures inside the plant known as phytoliths. During phytolith formation, small amounts of carbon and other elements can also become trapped and in the process become physically protected after the plant dies and undergoes decomposition. Since photosynthesis is the main way that plants acquire carbon to make their own food, it has been assumed that phytolith carbon only comes from the air and that the properties of carbon trapped in phytoliths should reflect those of the atmosphere at the time the plant was growing and fixing carbon into its leaves. In fact, building up phytolith-protected carbon in soils was recently considered as a possible way for removing some of the excess carbon in the atmosphere. However, the assumption that phytolith carbon only comes from the air has been recently challenged by the dating of carbon in phytoliths extracted from live grasses that has been found to be several thousands of years old. Because plants also take up small amounts of carbon from soils during nutrient uptake, the unexpected old ages of some of the phytolith carbon suggest that soil carbon could become trapped in phytoliths as well. If this is the case, opportunities for sequestering carbon via phytoliths are probably overestimated. To test these ideas, this project will analyze phytoliths extracted from grasses exposed to distinctly labeled carbon isotopes in two experiments. The results should reveal the origin - root uptake from soil or leaf uptake from the atmosphere - of the carbon in phytoliths. Additionally, an independent verification method using nanoparticles will be developed and applied.Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution. The recent interest in sequestering atmospheric carbon by promoting plants capable of producing large amounts of phytoliths makes it essential to evaluate the origin of phytolith carbon. If phytoliths are merely recycling carbon from soil, then their potential for additional sequestration is minimal. To test this, a new phytolith extraction method for reliably obtaining isotope results will need to be developed. Since many fields of science rely on isotope measurements of carbon inside plants, they will be informed by these findings. In addition, doctoral students in the United States and France will work in tandem to evaluate the new procedures. A postdoctoral fellow will work on the nanotechnology part of the project. Results will be used in annual short courses open to all undergraduate students at the University of California in Irvine, and also available to both national and international established researchers. Finally, the methods and results will be presented at meetings, incorporated into a text book, and publically released on a project web page.

植物通过根部吸收土壤中的化学元素硅，并将其输送到地上部分。硅的沉积在植物内部形成了称为植硅石的微小结构。在植硅体形成过程中，少量的碳和其他元素也会被捕获，在植物死亡和分解后，在这个过程中会受到物理保护。由于光合作用是植物获取碳来制造食物的主要途径，人们一直认为植硅体碳只来自空气，而植硅体中捕获的碳的性质应该反映植物生长和将碳固定到叶片中时的大气性质。事实上，最近人们认为，在土壤中建立植硅体保护的碳是一种可能的方法，可以消除大气中的一些多余碳。然而，植硅体碳只来自空气的假设最近受到了挑战，因为从活着的草中提取的植硅体中的碳被发现有几千年的历史。由于植物在吸收养分的过程中也会从土壤中吸收少量的碳，一些植硅体碳的意外老化表明，土壤碳也可能被困在植硅体中。如果是这样的话，通过植硅体封存碳的机会可能被高估了。为了验证这些想法，该项目将在两个实验中分析从暴露于明显标记的碳同位素的草中提取的植硅体。结果应该揭示植物硅体中碳的来源--从土壤中的根吸收或从大气中的叶吸收。此外，还将开发和应用一种使用纳米颗粒的独立验证方法。自工业革命以来，大气中的二氧化碳浓度大幅增加。最近，人们对通过促进能够产生大量植硅体的植物来封存大气中的碳产生兴趣，这使得评估植硅体碳的来源变得至关重要。如果植硅体只是从土壤中回收碳，那么它们额外封存的潜力是微乎其微的。为了测试这一点，需要开发一种新的植硅体提取方法来可靠地获得同位素结果。由于许多科学领域依赖于植物体内碳的同位素测量，他们将从这些发现中获得信息。此外，美国和法国的博士生将共同评估新程序。一名博士后将从事该项目的纳米技术部分的工作。研究成果将用于加州大学欧文分校每年向所有本科生开放的短期课程，也将向国内和国际知名研究人员开放。最后，方法和结果将在会议上介绍，纳入课本，并在项目网页上公开发布。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Towards producing pure phytolith concentrates from plants that are suitable for carbon isotopic analysis

DOI：
10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.06.001
发表时间：
2013-10-15
期刊：
REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Corbineau, Remi;Reyerson, Paul E.;Santos, Guaciara M.
通讯作者：
Santos, Guaciara M.

Unambiguous evidence of old soil carbon in grass biosilica particles

DOI：
10.5194/bg-13-1269-2016
发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
Biogeosciences
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
P. Reyerson;A. Alexandre;A. Harutyunyan;Rémi Corbineau;H. M. D. L. Torre;F. Badeck;L. Cattivelli;G. Santos
通讯作者：
P. Reyerson;A. Alexandre;A. Harutyunyan;Rémi Corbineau;H. M. D. L. Torre;F. Badeck;L. Cattivelli;G. Santos

From radiocarbon analysis to interpretation: A comment on “Phytolith Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeological and Paleoecological Research: A Case Study of Phytoliths from Modern Neotropical Plants and a Review of the Previous Dating Evidence”, Journal of Arc

从放射性碳分析到解释：对“考古和古生态研究中的植硅体放射性碳测年：现代新热带植物植硅体的案例研究和对先前测年证据的回顾”的评论，《Arc杂志》