Evaluating the mechanisms that result in a relationship between phylogenetic distance and population dynamics in biological invasions.

评估生物入侵中系统发育距离与种群动态之间关系的机制。

• 批准号: 1145274
• 负责人: Tiffany Knight
• 金额: $ 49万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1145274&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evaluating; mechanisms; result; relationship; between

Although humans have transported thousands of species of plants and animals across the globe, the ability of those species to establish, spread, and cause significant economic and ecological costs in the areas to which they have been introduced varies greatly. Many hypotheses have been proposed to understand why some introduced species harm the ecosystems to which they are introduced while others are apparently innocuous. Most famously, Darwin hypothesized that introduced species that are less closely related to the native species in a habitat are more likely to cause harm, that is, to become invasive. This research will focus on three prominent mechanisms that might explain how evolutionary novelty in plants could lead to invasion following introduction: competition, natural enemies, and pollination. Novelty could allow introduced plants to escape both competition from other plants and attack by predators and pathogens. However, novelty could deprive introduced plants of pollinators. Researchers will test the effects of competition, herbivory, and access to pollinators on the performance and predicted population growth of each of 20 introduced plant species that vary in invasiveness and novelty at a field site near Saint Louis, Missouri. Results will help show the costs and benefits of evolutionary novelty in introduced species.In addition to providing a more thorough understanding of the important environmental problem of invasive species, this study will provide useful information for cost-effective ways to limit the introductions of potentially invasive species and to manage species that have already been introduced. The research will also train graduate and undergraduate students and reach out to the public through an informal science education program with high school interns and through presentations to public audiences.

尽管人类已经将数千种动植物运送到地球仪各地，但这些物种在它们被引入的地区建立、传播和造成重大经济和生态代价的能力差异很大。人们提出了许多假说来理解为什么一些引入的物种会损害它们所引入的生态系统，而另一些物种显然是无害的。 最著名的是，达尔文假设，在一个栖息地中，引入的物种与本地物种的关系不太密切，更有可能造成伤害，也就是说，成为入侵者。 这项研究将集中在三个突出的机制，可以解释如何在植物进化的新奇可能导致入侵后介绍：竞争，天敌和授粉。 新奇可以使引进的植物逃避其他植物的竞争以及捕食者和病原体的攻击。 然而，新奇可能会剥夺引入植物的传粉者。 研究人员将在密苏里州的圣刘易斯附近的一个实地测试竞争、食草动物和传粉者对20种引进植物的性能和预测种群增长的影响。结果将有助于显示成本和效益的进化新奇引入species.In除了提供一个更深入的了解入侵物种的重要环境问题，这项研究将提供有用的信息，成本效益的方法来限制潜在的入侵物种的引进和管理已经引入的物种。该研究还将培训研究生和本科生，并通过与高中实习生的非正式科学教育计划和向公众展示来接触公众。