CAREER: Air-sea Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds--Impacts on Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry

生物挥发性有机化合物（BVOC），从光合生物排放，在陆地和海洋环境中，在调节氧化剂负荷和设定二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的产生速率方面起着控制作用。迄今为止，绝大多数研究都集中在BVOC的陆地来源上，特别关注控制异戊二烯、单萜和倍半萜排放率的因素。相比之下，对海洋BVOC排放的了解要少得多。与陆地过程类似，海洋BVOC排放的时空分布被认为是高度可变的，取决于光合生物的数量、浓度和物种。有人认为，海洋中高产海域的海洋BVOC排放：1）影响海洋边界层（MBL）中的氧化剂负荷，2）促进SOA的产生，3）改变颗粒大小和微物理特性，从而影响MBL中的云形成和持久性。目前，存在着一个极端缺乏的实验数据的BVOC通量，以限制全球模式的海洋BVOC排放及其随后对气候和大气化学的影响。这种多尺度调查的目的是连接详细的实验室调查异戊二烯和总单萜生产从孤立的单一文化的一系列相关的海洋生物与直接测量异戊二烯和总单萜排放量通过涡动相关沿海藻类水华期间从斯克里普斯海洋研究所（SIO）码头和研究巡航期间，在一个地区的高生物活动和高风速。教育部分的努力涉及耦合桦树水族馆，教育推广中心的SIO，和他们的暑期学习冒险营计划：1）开发一个动手实验，在7- 9年级的学生，调查二氧化碳的吸收海洋及其对海洋酸度的影响。本课将讨论基本的科学概念（例如，溶解度，酸碱化学），同时研究大气和海洋是如何联系在一起的。此外，实验的设计目的是教学生设计和测试假设的科学过程。2)连接研究生，谁设计了微型二氧化碳传感器作为现有的分析化学研究生班的一部分，与7- 9年级的学生，然后将使用这些传感器在他们的动手实验。3)参与7- 9年级的学生，因为他们发现积极的研究与研究生指导，并参与动手实验。学生将进行观察，收集数据，并了解各种科学仪器及其应用。

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), emitted from photosynthetic organisms, play a controlling role in both regulating oxidant loadings and setting the production rate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in both terrestrial and marine environments. To date, the vast majority of research has focused on terrestrial sources of BVOC, with specific attention to the factors that control the emission rates of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. In comparison, considerably less is known about marine BVOC emissions. Similar to terrestrial processes, the spatio-temporal distribution of marine BVOC emissions is thought to be highly variable, depending on the number concentration and species of photosynthetic organism. It has been suggested that marine BVOC emissions in highly productive regions of the oceans: 1) impact oxidant loadings in the marine boundary layer (MBL), 2) contribute to SOA production, and 3) alter particle size and microphysical properties, thus impacting cloud formation and persistence in the MBL. At present, there exists an extreme paucity of experimental data of BVOC fluxes to constrain global models of ocean BVOC emissions and their subsequent impact on climate and atmospheric chemistry. This multi-scale investigation is designed to link detailed laboratory investigations of isoprene and total monoterpene production from isolated monocultures of an array of relevant marine organisms with direct measurements of isoprene and total monoterpene emissions made via eddy correlation during coastal algae blooms from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) pier and during a research cruise in a region of high biological activity and high wind speeds.The educational component of the effort involves coupling with the Birch Aquarium, the educational outreach center of SIO, and their Summer Learning Adventure Camp programs to: 1) Develop a hands-on experiment, for students in 7-9th grade, to investigate the uptake of carbon dioxide by the ocean and its impact on ocean acidity. The lesson will discuss fundamental scientific concepts (e.g., solubility, acid-base chemistry), while investigating how the atmosphere and oceans are linked. Further, the experiment will be designed with the intent of teaching students the scientific process in which hypotheses are designed and tested. 2) Connect graduate students, who have designed miniature carbon dioxide sensors as part of an existing analytical chemistry graduate class, with 7-9th grade students who will then use these sensors in their hands-on experiment. 3) Engage 7-9th grade students as they discover active research alongside graduate student guides and participate in hands-on experiments. Students will make observations, collect data, and learn about a variety of scientific instruments and their applications.