CAREER: Air-sea Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds--Impacts on Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry

生物源性挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）是光合生物释放的，在陆地和海洋环境中都起着调节氧化剂负荷和设定二次有机气溶胶（SOA）产生速率的控制作用。迄今为止，绝大多数研究都集中在BVOC的陆地来源上，特别关注控制异戊二烯、单萜烯和倍半萜烯排放率的因素。相比之下，人们对海洋BVOC排放的了解要少得多。与陆地过程类似，海洋BVOC排放的时空分布被认为是高度可变的，这取决于光合生物的数量、浓度和种类。研究表明，海洋高生产力区域的海洋BVOC排放：1)影响海洋边界层（MBL）中的氧化剂负荷，2)促进SOA的产生，以及3)改变颗粒大小和微物理性质，从而影响MBL中云的形成和持久性。目前，用于约束海洋BVOC排放及其后续对气候和大气化学影响的全球模式的BVOC通量实验数据极其缺乏。这项多尺度调查旨在将一系列相关海洋生物的孤立单一培养产生的异戊二烯和总单萜烯的详细实验室调查与直接测量异戊二烯和总单萜烯的排放联系起来，这些排放是在斯克里普斯海洋研究所（SIO）码头沿海藻类大量繁殖期间以及在高生物活性和高风速区域进行的研究巡航期间通过涡动相关进行的。这项工作的教育部分包括与伯奇水族馆，SIO的教育推广中心，以及他们的暑期学习冒险营项目的合作：1)为7-9年级的学生开发一个动手实验，调查海洋对二氧化碳的吸收及其对海洋酸度的影响。本课将讨论基本的科学概念（例如，溶解度，酸碱化学），同时研究大气和海洋是如何联系在一起的。此外，设计实验的目的是教学生设计和检验假设的科学过程。2)将设计微型二氧化碳传感器的研究生（作为现有分析化学研究生课程的一部分）与7-9年级的学生联系起来，然后这些学生将在他们的动手实验中使用这些传感器。3)让7-9年级的学生在研究生指导下发现积极的研究，并参与动手实验。学生将进行观察，收集数据，并了解各种科学仪器及其应用。

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), emitted from photosynthetic organisms, play a controlling role in both regulating oxidant loadings and setting the production rate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in both terrestrial and marine environments. To date, the vast majority of research has focused on terrestrial sources of BVOC, with specific attention to the factors that control the emission rates of isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. In comparison, considerably less is known about marine BVOC emissions. Similar to terrestrial processes, the spatio-temporal distribution of marine BVOC emissions is thought to be highly variable, depending on the number concentration and species of photosynthetic organism. It has been suggested that marine BVOC emissions in highly productive regions of the oceans: 1) impact oxidant loadings in the marine boundary layer (MBL), 2) contribute to SOA production, and 3) alter particle size and microphysical properties, thus impacting cloud formation and persistence in the MBL. At present, there exists an extreme paucity of experimental data of BVOC fluxes to constrain global models of ocean BVOC emissions and their subsequent impact on climate and atmospheric chemistry. This multi-scale investigation is designed to link detailed laboratory investigations of isoprene and total monoterpene production from isolated monocultures of an array of relevant marine organisms with direct measurements of isoprene and total monoterpene emissions made via eddy correlation during coastal algae blooms from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) pier and during a research cruise in a region of high biological activity and high wind speeds.The educational component of the effort involves coupling with the Birch Aquarium, the educational outreach center of SIO, and their Summer Learning Adventure Camp programs to: 1) Develop a hands-on experiment, for students in 7-9th grade, to investigate the uptake of carbon dioxide by the ocean and its impact on ocean acidity. The lesson will discuss fundamental scientific concepts (e.g., solubility, acid-base chemistry), while investigating how the atmosphere and oceans are linked. Further, the experiment will be designed with the intent of teaching students the scientific process in which hypotheses are designed and tested. 2) Connect graduate students, who have designed miniature carbon dioxide sensors as part of an existing analytical chemistry graduate class, with 7-9th grade students who will then use these sensors in their hands-on experiment. 3) Engage 7-9th grade students as they discover active research alongside graduate student guides and participate in hands-on experiments. Students will make observations, collect data, and learn about a variety of scientific instruments and their applications.