From the Ocean to the Air: Aerosol-cloud Interactions during the Onset of Arctic Sea Ice Melt

从海洋到空气：北极海冰融化开始时气溶胶-云的相互作用

• 批准号: 2226864
• 负责人: Jessie Creamean
• 金额: $ 67.31万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2226864&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Air; Aerosol; cloud; Interactions

As the Arctic warms at least four times the global rate, features such as clouds impact the temperature at the surface. This is important because the Arctic is projected to become cloudier in the future, and temperature changes in the Arctic can influence global weather and climate. However, our understanding of Arctic clouds remains highly uncertain in part due to a poor understanding of airborne particles (called “aerosols”) that help them form, especially during the spring as the sea ice and snow start to melt. For this project, our goal is to improve our understanding of aerosols in the Arctic during the spring melt and how they impact clouds. We plan to accomplish this goal through international collaboration and participation in the Swedish-led ARTofMELT expedition in the Arctic Ocean during May–Jun 2023. This work involves both observations and modelling of cloud-forming aerosols designed to test our targeted hypotheses on where these aerosols come from and how they might help clouds form. By testing our hypotheses, an improved understanding of aerosol effects on Arctic clouds during the spring sea ice melt will be obtained. More broadly, the project provides a unique opportunity to address the impacts of the Earth’s changing atmosphere on sea ice in the “New Arctic,” a goal that can only be successfully accomplished through interdisciplinary and international collaboration. The project team includes 4 female and 6 early career researchers and involves engagement with two nonprofit organizations by communicating the study goals, plans, and outcomes through live virtual events and an ARTofMELT expedition blog with K-12 classrooms, globally. Outreach seminars are also anticipated to convey our findings, and more broadly, inform the public about aspects of the rapidly changing Arctic.As the Arctic warms at least four times the global rate, feedbacks from clouds will lead to compounding impacts on the surface energy budget that consequently affect regional and global weather and climate. However, our understanding of Arctic clouds remains highly uncertain in part due to a poor understanding of airborne particles (called “aerosols”) that help them form, especially during the spring as the sea ice and snow start to melt. For this project, our overarching goal is to improve our understanding of aerosol sources and cloud impacts in the Arctic during the spring melt. We plan to accomplish this goal through international collaboration and participation in the Swedish-led ARTofMELT expedition on the Icebreaker Oden in the Arctic Ocean during May–Jun 2023. This work involves both observations and modelling of cloud-forming aerosols designed to test our targeted hypotheses on where these aerosols come from and how they might help clouds form. Specifically, observations include techniques to characterize aerosol physical, biological, chemical, and cloud-forming properties. These measurements will be conducted on the icebreaker, directly on the sea ice, and in the lower atmosphere via vertical profiling on tethered balloon and helicopter flights. In tandem with airmass modelling, we will use these observations to guide our collaborator’s cloud-scale modelling simulations that will evaluate changes in cloud properties due to aerosols under different air mass transport scenarios. By testing our hypotheses, a fundamental characterization and improved understanding of aerosol effects on Arctic clouds during the spring sea ice melt will be obtained. More broadly, the project provides a unique opportunity to address the impacts of the Earth’s changing atmosphere on sea ice in the “New Arctic,” a goal that can only be successfully accomplished through interdisciplinary and international collaboration. The project team includes 4 female and 6 early career researchers and involves engagement with two nonprofit organizations by communicating the study goals, plans, and outcomes through live virtual events and an ARTofMELT expedition blog with K-12 classrooms, globally. Outreach seminars are also anticipated to convey our findings, and more broadly, inform the public about aspects of the rapidly changing Arctic.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着北极的至少四倍，云等特征会影响表面的温度。这很重要，因为北极预计将来会变得乌云密布，北极的温度变化会影响全球天气和气候。然而，由于对空气中的颗粒（称为“气溶胶”）的了解不足，我们对北极云的理解仍然高度不确定，这有助于它们形成，尤其是在春季，随着海冰和雪开始融化的春季。对于这个项目，我们的目标是提高我们对春季融化期间北极气溶胶的理解，以及它们如何影响云。我们计划通过国际合作和参与2023年5月至7月在北极海洋的瑞典领导的Artof-Melt探险来实现这一目标。这项工作涉及观察和建模云形成的气溶胶，旨在测试我们针对的假设，这些假设是在这些气溶胶中以及它们如何帮助云形成的范围内。通过检验我们的假设，将获得对气溶胶对春季冰融化过程中对北极云的影响的了解。从更广泛的角度来看，该项目提供了一个独特的机会，可以在“新北极”中解决地球不断变化的海冰的影响，这一目标只能通过跨学科和国际合作才能成功实现。该项目团队包括4名女性和6名早期职业研究人员，并通过通过现场虚拟活动传达研究目标，计划和成果来与两个非营利组织进行交往，并与全球的K-12教室一起传达Artof-Melt探险博客。预计外展半径还可以传达我们的发现，并且更广泛地告知公众北极迅速变化的各个方面。由于北极的暖气至少是全球速度的四倍，云的反馈将导致对地表能预算的复杂影响，从而影响区域和全球天气和气候。然而，由于对空气中的颗粒（称为“气溶胶”）的了解不足，我们对北极云的理解仍然高度不确定，这有助于它们形成，尤其是在春季，随着海冰和雪开始融化的春季。对于这个项目，我们的总体目标是提高我们对春季融化过程中北极地区气溶胶来源和云影响的理解。我们计划通过国际合作和参与2023年5月至6月的北极海洋中的瑞典领导的Artof-Melt-Mertelt探险。这项工作涉及观察和建模云形成的气雾剂，旨在测试这些气溶胶的何处以及如何帮助它们的云形式。具体而言，观察结果包括表征气溶胶物理，生物学，化学和云形成特性的技术。这些测量将在破冰船上，直接在海冰上进行，并在较低的大气中通过绑扎气球和直升机飞行的垂直分析进行。与空气质量建模同时，我们将使用这些观察结果来指导我们的合作者的云规模建模模拟，这些模拟将评估由于不同的空气质量运输方案下的气溶胶而导致的云属性变化。通过检验我们的假设，将获得对气雾剂对北海冰融化过程中对气溶胶影响的基本表征和改善的理解。从更广泛的角度来看，该项目提供了一个独特的机会，可以在“新北极”中解决地球不断变化的海冰的影响，这一目标只能通过跨学科和国际合作才能成功实现。该项目团队包括4名女性和6名早期职业研究人员，并通过通过现场虚拟活动传达研究目标，计划和成果，涉及与两个非营利组织的互动，并与全球K-12教室一起进行Artof-Melt探险博客。预计外展半径还可以传达我们的发现，更广泛地将北极变化的方面告知公众。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估，被认为是宝贵的支持。