CAREER: Hearing and Seeing the Universe Through Multi-Messenger Astronomy

职业：通过多信使天文学听到和看到宇宙

• 批准号: 1151836
• 负责人: Daniel Holz
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1151836&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Hearing; Seeing; Universe; Through

This work will focus on the inspiral and merger of compact-object binaries, one of the most interesting and powerful of multi-messenger sources. Questions to be explored include how often these sources happen, how we might detect them (both in gravitational waves and electromagnetically), and what we will learn from them. Light will be shed on the inner engines of gamma-ray bursts (among the brightest events in the Universe), including elucidating the heart of these events (are they neutron star black hole binaries?) and the processes by which they happen (are the gamma-rays beamed?). In this way, the scientific potential of gravitational-wave astrophysics will be more fully realized.Gravitational waves are likely to be directly observed within the next five years, and will open an entirely new window on the Universe. We already see the Universe in optical light (e.g., with our eyes, or with the Hubble Space Telescope), in X-ray, in gamma-rays, in radio, in microwave, and across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Gravitational waves offer an entirely new way to the listen to the Universe. We've been searching for these waves for many decades, and within the next five years the LIGO instrument (based in Washington and Louisiana) will finally allow us to hear them! Fully exploiting this new window on the Universe will require multi-messenger astronomy: coordinated observations of sources in both the gravitational wave and electromagnetic spectra. This work will help develop our understanding of these multi-messenger sources. Gravitational-waves provide a natural "hook" into science, and are an excellent way to appeal to students of all ages. The history of gravitational waves is irresistible, with Einstein's original (and contentious) prediction finally on the verge of being directly confirmed. The waves are generated by black holes and gamma-ray bursts (representing some of the largest explosions in the Universe), and these sources are universally fascinating. The technology behind gravitational-wave detection is mind-blowing ("You can detect the surf crashing on the Oregon coast hundreds of miles away", "You can measure fractional changes in distance over 4 km to much smaller than the size of a proton"). The science content ranges from wave mechanics, through Newtonian gravity, interferometry, and wave optics, all the way to general relativity and quantum measurement. In short, we have a rich, timely, and fundamentally fascinating subject. We take a multi-pronged approach to share the excitement of the impending discovery of gravitational-waves, as well as to convey the science behind our research program to students and the broader public. We work directly with inner-city, minority high-school students in the South Chicago area. We are also partnering with a world-class museum, the Adler Planetarium, by presenting at the museum and helping to develop material on gravitational waves that will reach nearly half a million people a year, as well as leveraging existing educational material from LIGO. All of this will help share the excitement of a truly new way to listen to the Universe.

这项工作将集中于紧凑天体双星的灵感和合并，这是最有趣和最强大的多信使源之一。需要探索的问题包括这些源发生的频率，我们如何探测它们（通过引力波和电磁），以及我们将从中学到什么。光线将被投射到伽马射线爆发（宇宙中最亮的事件之一）的内部引擎上，包括阐明这些事件的核心（它们是中子星黑洞双星吗？）以及它们发生的过程（伽马射线是发射的吗？）这样，引力波天体物理学的科学潜力将得到更充分的实现。引力波很可能在未来五年内被直接观测到，并将为宇宙打开一扇全新的窗口。我们已经通过光学（例如，用我们的眼睛或哈勃太空望远镜）、x射线、伽马射线、无线电、微波和整个电磁波谱来观察宇宙。引力波提供了一种聆听宇宙的全新方式。几十年来，我们一直在寻找这些引力波，在未来五年内，LIGO仪器（位于华盛顿和路易斯安那州）将最终让我们听到它们！要充分利用这个宇宙的新窗口，就需要多信使天文学：对引力波和电磁波谱的来源进行协调观测。这项工作将有助于发展我们对这些多信使源的理解。引力波为科学提供了一个天然的“钩子”，是吸引所有年龄段学生的好方法。引力波的历史是不可抗拒的，爱因斯坦最初的（也是有争议的）预测最终即将被直接证实。引力波是由黑洞和伽马射线爆发（代表宇宙中一些最大的爆炸）产生的，这些来源普遍令人着迷。引力波探测背后的技术是令人兴奋的（“你可以探测到几百英里外俄勒冈海岸上的海浪撞击”，“你可以测量距离超过4公里到远小于质子大小的微小变化”）。科学内容从波动力学，到牛顿引力，干涉测量学，波动光学，一直到广义相对论和量子测量。简而言之，我们有一个丰富、及时、从根本上讲令人着迷的主题。我们采取多管齐下的方法来分享即将发现引力波的兴奋，以及向学生和更广泛的公众传达我们研究项目背后的科学。我们直接与芝加哥南部市中心的少数族裔高中学生合作。我们还与世界级博物馆阿德勒天文馆（Adler Planetarium）合作，在博物馆展出，并帮助开发引力波的材料，这些材料每年将覆盖近50万人，同时利用LIGO现有的教育材料。所有这些都将有助于分享一种真正聆听宇宙的新方式所带来的兴奋。

项目成果

Upper Limits on Gravitational Waves from Scorpius X-1 from a Model-Based Cross-Correlation Search in Advanced LIGO Data

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa86f0
• 发表时间: 2017-06
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;T. Abbott;R. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;T. Adams;P. Addesso;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;M. Afrough;B. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;B. Allen;G. Allen;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;M. Araya;J. Areeda;N. Arnaud;K. Arun;S. Ascenzi;G. Ashton;M. Ast;S. Aston;P. Astone;P. Aufmuth;C. Aulbert;K. AultONeal;A. Ávila-Álvarez;S. Babak;P. Bacon;M. Bader;S. Bae;P. Baker;F. Baldaccini;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;S. Banagiri;J. Barayoga;S. Barclay;B. Barish;D. Barker;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;J. Batch;C. Baune;M. Bawaj;M. Bazzan;B. B'ecsy;C. Beer;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;A. Bell;B. Berger;G. Bergmann;C. Berry;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;S. Bhagwat;R. Bhandare;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;C. Billman;J. Birch;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;A. Bisht;M. Bitossi;C. Biwer;M. Bizouard;J. K. Blackburn;J. Blackman;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;S. Bloemen;O. Bock;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;A. Bohe;F. Bondu;R. Bonnand;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;S. Bose;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;V. Braginsky;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;T. Briant;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;V. Brisson;P. Brockill;J. Broida;A. Brooks;D. Brown;D. Brown;N. Brown;S. Brunett;C. Buchanan;A. Buikema;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;D. Buskulic;C. Buy;R. Byer;M. Cabero;L. Cadonati;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;J. C. Bustillo;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. Camp;M. Canepa;P. Canizares;K. Cannon;H. Cao;J. Cao;C. Capano;E. Capocasa;F. Carbognani;S. Caride;M. Carney;J. C. Diaz;C. Casentini;S. Caudill;M. Cavaglià;F. Cavalier;R. Cavalieri;G. Cella;C. Cepeda;L. Baiardi;G. Cerretani;E. Cesarini;S. Chamberlin;M. Chan;S. Chao;P. Charlton;E. Chassande-Mottin;D. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;H. Chen;Y. Chen;H.-P. Cheng;A. Chincarini;A. Chiummo;T. Chmiel;H. Cho;M. Cho;J. Chow;N. Christensen;Q. Chu;A. J. Chua;S. Chua;A. K. Chung;S. Chung;G. Ciani;R. Ciolfi;C. Cirelli;A. Cirone;F. Clara;J. Clark;F. Cleva;C. Cocchieri;E. Coccia;P. Cohadon;A. Colla;C. Collette;L. Cominsky;M. Constancio;L. Conti;S. Cooper;P. Corban;T. Corbitt;K. Corley;N. Cornish;A. Corsi;S. Cortese;C. Costa;M. Coughlin;S. Coughlin;J. Coulon;S. Countryman;P. Couvares;P. Covas;E. Cowan;D. Coward;M. Cowart;D. Coyne;R. Coyne;J. Creighton;T. Creighton;J. Cripe;S. Crowder;T. Cullen;A. Cumming;L. Cunningham;E. Cuoco;T. D. Canton;S. Danilishin;S. D’Antonio;K. Danzmann;A. Dasgupta;C. F. S. Costa;V. Dattilo;I. Dave;M. Davier;D. Davis;E. Daw;B. Day;S. De;D. DeBra;E. Deelman;J. Degallaix;M. D. Laurentis;S. Del'eglise;W. D. Pozzo;T. Denker;T. Dent;V. Dergachev;R. Rosa;R. Derosa;R. DeSalvo;J. Devenson;R. Devine;S. Dhurandhar;M. D'iaz;L. Fiore;M. Giovanni;T. D. Girolamo;A. D. Lieto;S. D. Pace;I. Palma;F. Renzo;Zoheyr Doctor;V. Dolique;F. Donovan;K. Dooley;S. Doravari;I. Dorrington;R. Douglas;M. D. Álvarez;T. Downes;M. Drago;R. Drever;J. Driggers;Z. Du;M. Ducrot;J. Duncan;S. Dwyer;T. Edo;M. Edwards;A. Effler;H. Eggenstein;P. Ehrens;J. Eichholz;S. Eikenberry;R. Eisenstein;R. Essick;Z. Etienne;T. Etzel;M. Evans;T. Evans;M. Factourovich;V. Fafone;H. Fair;S. Fairhurst;X. Fan;S. Farinon;B. Farr;W. Farr;E. Fauchon-Jones;Marc Favata;M. Fays;H. Fehrmann;J. Feicht;M. Fejer;Á. Fernández-Galiana;I. Ferrante;E. Ferreira;F. Ferrini;F. Fidecaro;I. Fiori;D. Fiorucci;R. Fisher;R. Flaminio;M. Fletcher;H. Fong;P. Forsyth;S. Forsyth;J. Fournier;S. Frasca;F. Frasconi;Z. Frei;A. Freise;R. Frey;V. Frey;E. Fries;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;H. Gabbard;M. Gabel;B. Gadre;S. Gaebel;J. Gair;D. Galloway;L. Gammaitoni;M. Ganija;S. Gaonkar;F. Garufi;S. Gaudio;G. Gaur;V. Gayathri;N. Gehrels;G. Gemme;Eric Genin;A. Gennai;D. George;J. George;L. Gergely;V. Germain;S. Ghonge;A. Ghosh;A. Ghosh;S. Ghosh;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;A. Giazotto;K. Gill;L. Glover;E. Goetz;R. Goetz;S. Gomes;G. Gonz'alez;J. M. Castro;A. Gopakumar;M. Gorodetsky;S. Gossan;M. Gosselin;R. Gouaty;A. Grado;C. Graef;M. Granata;A. Grant;S. Gras;C. Gray;G. Greco;A. Green;P. Groot;H. Grote;S. Grunewald;P. Gruning;G. Guidi;X. Guo;A. Gupta;M. Gupta;K. Gushwa;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;B. Hall;E. Hall;G. Hammond;M. Haney;M. Hanke;J. Hanks;C. Hanna;O. Hannuksela;J. Hanson;T. Hardwick;J. Harms;G. Harry;I. Harry;M. Hart;C. Haster;K. Haughian;J. Healy;A. Heidmann;M. Heintze;H. Heitmann;P. Hello;G. Hemming;M. Hendry;I. Heng;J. Hennig;J. Henry;A. Heptonstall;M. Heurs;S. Hild;D. Hoak;D. Hofman;K. Holt;D. Holz;P. Hopkins;C. Horst;J. Hough;E. Houston;E. Howell;Y. Hu;E. Huerta;D. Huet;B. Hughey;S. Husa;S. Huttner;T. Huynh--Dinh-T.-Huynh--Dinh-1381195806;N. Indik;D. Ingram;R. Inta;G. Intini;H. N. Isa;J. Isac;M. Isi;B. Iyer;K. Izumi;T. Jacqmin;K. Jani;P. Jaranowski;S. Jawahar;F. Jim'enez-Forteza;W. Johnson;D. Jones;R. Jones;R. Jonker;L. Ju;J. Junker;C. Kalaghatgi;V. Kalogera;S. Kandhasamy;G. Kang;J. Kanner;S. Karki;K. Karvinen;M. Kasprzack;M. Katolik;E. Katsavounidis;W. Katzman;S. Kaufer;K. Kawabe;F. K'ef'elian;D. Keitel;A. Kemball;R. Kennedy;C. Kent;J. Key;F. Khalili;I. Khan;S. Khan;Z. Khan;E. Khazanov;N. Kijbunchoo;Chunglee Kim;J. Kim;W. Kim;W. Kim;Y. Kim;S. Kimbrell;E. King;P. King;R. Kirchhoff;J. S. Kissel;L. Kleybolte;S. Klimenko;P. Koch;S. Koehlenbeck;S. Koley;V. Kondrashov;A. Kontos;M. Korobko;W. Korth;I. Kowalska;D. Kozak;C. Kramer;V. Kringel;B. Krishnan;A. Kr'olak;G. Kuehn;P. Kumar;R. Kumar;S. Kumar;L. Kuo;A. Kutynia;S. Kwang;B. Lackey;K. Lai;M. Landry;R. Lang;J. Lange;B. Lantz;R. Lanza;A. Lartaux-Vollard;P. Lasky;M. Laxen;A. Lazzarini;C. Lazzaro;P. Leaci;S. Leavey;C. Lee;H. Lee;H. Lee;H. W. Lee;K. Lee;J. Lehmann;A. Lenon;M. Leonardi;N. Leroy;N. Letendre;Y. Levin;T. G. F. Li;A. Libson;T. Littenberg;J. Liu;R. K. Lo;N. Lockerbie;L. London;J. Lord;M. Lorenzini;V. Loriette;M. Lormand;G. Losurdo;J. Lough;C. Lousto;G. Lovelace;H. Luck;D. Lumaca;A. Lundgren;R. Lynch;Y. Ma;S. Macfoy;B. Machenschalk;M. Macinnis;D. Macleod;I. M. Hernandez;F. Magaña-Sandoval;L. M. Zertuche;R. Magee;E. Majorana;I. Maksimovic;N. Man;V. Mandic;V. Mangano;G. Mansell;M. Manske;M. Mantovani;F. Marchesoni;F. Marion;S. M'arka;Z. M'arka;C. Markakis;A. Markosyan;E. Maros;F. Martelli;L. Martellini;I. Martin;D. Martynov;K. Mason;A. Masserot;T. Massinger;M. Masso-Reid;S. Mastrogiovanni;A. Matas;F. Matichard;L. Matone;N. Mavalvala;R. Mayani;N. Mazumder;R. Mccarthy;D. McClelland;S. Mccormick;L. McCuller;S. Mcguire;G. Mcintyre;J. McIver;D. McManus;T. McRae;S. McWilliams;D. Meacher;G. Meadors;J. Meidam;E. Mejuto-Villa;A. Melatos;G. Mendell;R. Mercer;E. Merilh;M. Merzougui;S. Meshkov;C. Messenger;C. Messick;R. Metzdorff;P. Meyers;F. Mezzani;H. Miao;C. Michel;H. Middleton;E. Mikhailov;L. Milano;A. Miller;A. Miller;B. Miller;J. Miller;M. Millhouse;O. Minazzoli;Y. Minenkov;J. Ming;C. Mishra;S. Mitra;V. Mitrofanov;G. Mitselmakher;R. Mittleman;A. Moggi;M. Mohan;S. Mohapatra;M. Montani;B. Moore;C. Moore;D. Moraru;G. Moreno;S. Morriss;B. Mours;C. Mow-Lowry;G. Mueller;A. Muir;A. Mukherjee;D. Mukherjee;S. Mukherjee;N. Mukund;A. Mullavey;J. Munch;E. Muniz;P. Murray;K. Napier;I. Nardecchia;L. Naticchioni;R. Nayak;G. Nelemans;T. Nelson;M. Neri;M. Nery;A. Neunzert;J. Newport;G. Newton;K. Ng;T. Nguyen;D. Nichols;A. B. Nielsen;S. Nissanke;A. Nitz;A. Noack;F. Nocera;D. Nolting;M. Normandin;L. Nuttall;J. Oberling;E. Ochsner;E. Oelker;G. Ogin;J. Oh;S. -. Oh;F. Ohme;M. Oliver;P. Oppermann;R. Oram;B. O'reilly;R. Ormiston;L. F. Ortega;R. O’Shaughnessy;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;B. Owen;A. Pace;J. Page;M. Page;A. Pai;S. Pai;J. R. Palamos;O. Palashov;C. Palomba;A. Pal-Singh;H. Pan;B. Pang;P. T. Pang;C. Pankow;F. Pannarale;B. C. Pant;F. Paoletti;A. Paoli;M. Papa;H. Paris;W. Parker;D. Pascucci;A. Pasqualetti;R. Passaquieti;D. Passuello;B. Patricelli;B. Pearlstone;M. Pedraza;R. Pedurand;L. Pekowsky;A. Pele;S. Penn;C. Perez;A. Perreca;L. Perri;H. Pfeiffer;M. Phelps;O. Piccinni;M. Pichot;F. Piergiovanni;V. Pierro;G. Pillant;L. Pinard;I. Pinto;M. Pitkin;R. Poggiani;P. Popolizio;E. Porter;A. Post;J. Powell;J. Prasad;J. Pratt;V. Predoi;T. Prestegard;M. Prijatelj;M. Principe;S. Privitera;R. Prix;G. Prodi;L. Prokhorov;O. Puncken;M. Punturo;P. Puppo;M. Purrer;H. Qi;J. Qin;S. Qiu;V. Quetschke;E. Quintero;R. Quitzow-James;F. Raab;D. Rabeling;H. Radkins;P. Raffai;S. Raja;C. Rajan;M. Rakhmanov;K. Ramirez;P. Rapagnani;V. Raymond;M. Razzano;J. Read;T. Regimbau;L. Rei;S. Reid;D. Reitze;H. Rew;S. Reyes;F. Ricci;P. Ricker;S. Rieger;K. Riles;M. Rizzo;N. Robertson;R. Robie;F. Robinet;A. Rocchi;L. Rolland;J. Rollins;V. Roma;R. Romano;C. Romel;J. Romie;D. Rosi'nska;M. Ross;S. Rowan;A. Rudiger;P. Ruggi;K. Ryan;M. Rynge;S. Sachdev;T. Sadecki;L. Sadeghian;M. Sakellariadou;L. Salconi;M. Saleem;F. Salemi;A. Samajdar;L. Sammut;L. Sampson;E. Sanchez;V. Sandberg;B. Sandeen;J. Sanders;B. Sassolas;B. Sathyaprakash;P. Saulson;O. Sauter;R. Savage;A. Sawadsky;P. Schale;J. Scheuer;E. Schmidt;J. Schmidt;P. Schmidt;R. Schnabel;R. Schofield;A. Schonbeck;E. Schreiber;D. Schuette;B. Schulte;B. Schutz;S. Schwalbe;J. Scott;S. Scott;E. Seidel;D. Sellers;A. Sengupta;D. Sentenac;V. Sequino;A. Sergeev;D. Shaddock;T. Shaffer;A. A. Shah-A.;M. Shahriar;L. Shao;B. Shapiro;P. Shawhan;A. Sheperd;D. Shoemaker;D. Shoemaker;K. Siellez;X. Siemens;M. Sieniawska;D. Sigg;A. D. Silva;A. Singer;L. Singer;A. Singh;R. Singh;A. Singhal;A. Sintes;B. Slagmolen;B. Smith;J. R. Smith;R. Smith;E. Son;J. Sonnenberg;B. Sorazu;F. Sorrentino;T. Souradeep;A. Spencer;A. Srivastava;A. Staley;M. Steinke;J. Steinlechner;S. Steinlechner;D. Steinmeyer;B. Stephens;R. Stone;K. Strain;G. Stratta;S. Strigin;R. Sturani;A. Stuver;T. Summerscales;L. Sun;S. Sunil;P. Sutton;B. Swinkels;M. J. Szczepa'nczyk;M. Tacca;D. Talukder;D. Tanner;M. T'apai;A. Taracchini;J. A. Taylor;R. Taylor;T. Theeg;E. Thomas;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;K. Thorne;K. Thorne;E. Thrane;S. Tiwari;V. Tiwari;K. Tokmakov;K. Toland;M. Tonelli;Z. Tornasi;C. Torrie;D. Toyra;F. Travasso;G. Traylor;D. Trifirò;J. Trinastic;M. Tringali;L. Trozzo;K. W. Tsang;M. Tse;R. Tso;D. Tuyenbayev;K. Ueno;D. Ugolini;C. Unnikrishnan;A. Urban;S. Usman;K. Vahi;H. Vahlbruch;G. Vajente;G. Valdes;M. Vallisneri;N. Bakel;M. Beuzekom;J. Brand;C. Broeck;D. Vander-Hyde;L. V. D. Schaaf;J. V. Heijningen;A. V. Veggel;M. Vardaro;V. Varma;S. Vass;M. Vas'uth;A. Vecchio;G. Vedovato;J. Veitch;P. Veitch;K. Venkateswara;Gautam Venugopalan;D. Verkindt;F. Vetrano;A. Vicer'e;A. Viets;S. Vinciguerra;D. Vine;J. Vinet;S. Vitale;T. Vo;H. Vocca;C. Vorvick;D. Voss;W. Vousden;S. Vyatchanin;A. Wade;L. Wade;M. Wade;R. Walet;M. Walker;L. Wallace;S. Walsh;G. Wang;H. Wang;J. Wang;M. Wang;Y.-F. Wang;Y. Wang;R. Ward;J. Warner;M. Was;J. Watchi;B. Weaver;L.-W. Wei;M. Weinert;A. Weinstein;R. Weiss;L. Wen;E. Wessel;P. Wessels;T. Westphal;K. Wette;J. Whelan;B. Whiting;C. Whittle;D. Williams;R. Williams;A. Williamson;J. Willis;B. Willke;M. Wimmer;W. Winkler;C. Wipf;H. Wittel;G. Woan;J. Woehler;J. Wofford;K. Wong;J. Worden;J. Wright;D. Wu;G. Wu;W. Yam;H. Yamamoto;C. Yancey;M. Yap;Hang Yu;Haocun Yu;M. Yvert;A. Zadro.zny;M. Zanolin;T. Zelenova;J. Zendri;M. Zevin;L. Zhang;M. Zhang;T. Zhang;Y.H. Zhang;C. Zhao;M. Zhou;Z. Zhou;X. Zhu;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig;D. Steeghs;L. Wang