Doctoral Dissertation Research: Public and Expert Understandings of Nuclear Risk in Italy

博士论文研究：公众和专家对意大利核风险的理解

• 批准号: 1155907
• 负责人: Gabrielle Hecht
• 金额: $ 1.45万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1155907&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Public; Expert

Doctoral Dissertation Research: Expert and Public Understandings of Nuclear Risk in ItalyUnderstanding how publics perceive and act on technological risks is important for the management of technologies and for ensuring their just governance. Given the global importance of nuclear technologies, understanding how publics perceive their value and danger is critical. Periodic nuclear accidents influence both public attitudes and government policies, but they are not sufficient to explain significant differences in how different groups perceive nuclear risks. To more adequately these risk perceptions, this research examines how groups' claims of nuclear contamination become objects of political debate and contestation at the local, national, and international levels. To explain how nuclear risks come be visible or invisible to experts and non-experts, this study analyzes three sources of risk perception: competing scientific, military, and political epistemologies and methods for assessing risk; forms of political mobilization; and everyday activities. Archival and ethnographic research will be carried out at a U.S. Navy base for nuclear submarines that were installed in the Archipelago of La Maddalena (Italy) between 1972 and 2008 to assess the specific role of political supervision and military secrecy on experts? assessments of nuclear risks, and how meanings of nuclear power were shaped by different forms of political mobilization took place both during and after the cold war. The research will contribute to theories of how nuclear experts and laypeople assess and understand the nature and the effects of nuclear power; how claims of health effects from nuclear contamination and accidents alter everyday perceptions of nuclear power and make nuclear danger visible; and how these different factors interact in specific localities, when there is a perceived danger of nuclear contamination. This study addresses problems of interest to experts, policy-makers, NGOs, and environmentalist groups in Italy and elsewhere. Research data is digitally available to publics, including the local community of La Maddalena and to experts and non-experts interested in risk communication, nuclear risk perceptions, risk assessment and management, and U.S. military basing policies and practices.

博士论文研究：专家和公众对意大利核风险的理解了解公众如何看待技术风险并采取行动，对于技术管理和确保其公正治理非常重要。鉴于核技术的全球重要性，了解公众如何看待其价值和危险至关重要。定期发生的核事故影响公众态度和政府政策，但不足以解释不同群体对核风险的看法存在的重大差异。为了更充分地了解这些风险认知，本研究探讨了团体的核污染索赔如何成为地方、国家和国际各级政治辩论和辩论的对象。为了解释核风险是如何变得可见或不可见的专家和非专家，本研究分析了三个来源的风险感知：竞争的科学，军事和政治认识论和评估风险的方法;形式的政治动员;和日常活动。 档案和人种学研究将在1972年至2008年期间安装在拉马达莱纳群岛（意大利）的美国海军基地进行，以评估政治监督和军事保密对专家的具体作用？对核风险的评估以及不同形式的政治动员如何塑造核力量的意义，都发生在冷战期间和冷战之后。这项研究将有助于核专家和外行如何评估和理解核电的性质和影响的理论;如何从核污染和事故的健康影响的索赔改变核电的日常观念，使核危险可见;以及这些不同的因素如何在特定的地方相互作用，当有核污染的危险感知。这项研究涉及的问题感兴趣的专家，决策者，非政府组织和环保团体在意大利和其他地方。研究数据以数字方式提供给公众，包括La Maddalena当地社区以及对风险沟通、核风险认知、风险评估和管理以及美国军事基地政策和实践感兴趣的专家和非专家。