Sixth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Application

第六届错配阴性（MMN）及其临床和科学应用会议

• 批准号: 1156635
• 负责人: Valerie Shafer
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: CUNY Graduate School University Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-15 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1156635&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sixth; Conference; Mismatch; Negativity; MMN

The mismatch negativity is an electrical brain response that is recorded using electrodes placed on a person's scalp. These brain responses are the consequence of neural activity related to processing stimuli or events. A response referred to as the "mismatch negativity" is often used to evaluate brain responses to a sound change within the context of an ongoing background sound pattern. With support of the National Science Foundation, Dr. Valerie Shafer, of the City University of New York, in collaboration with Dr. Elyse Sussman, of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, is leading a four-day conference to bring together a diverse group of scientists, clinicians, postdoctoral fellows, and students who use, or who are interested in using, the mismatch negativity brain response to sounds such as speech and music. They are interested in such fundamental questions as, to what extent does perception of speech differ from perception of non-speech sounds? How do people use environmental sounds to identify and localize objects? And how do people separate multiple sounds into different objects (e.g., a trumpet and a saxophone in music)? Mismatch negativity research is revealing how the properties of the sounds (e.g., pitch or timbre) compared to what a listener does with the sounds (e.g., pays attention to or ignores them) influence perception of sound objects. Research problems also include sound processing by individuals with clinical conditions, such as dyslexia, schizophrenia, autism, and coma. Work with clinical populations assists in understanding normal auditory functioning. For example, a longstanding question concerns the relationship between auditory processing and language learning, an issue that can be addressed by studying perception in individuals with hearing losses. Other areas being discussed include questions about how people learn sound patterns early in life compared to later in life (e.g., in second-language learning), and the extent to which plasticity for learning changes across the lifespan. This forum allows attendees, including students, to exchange ideas and foster collaborations, and to discuss and share recent research advances in using this brain response as a tool for scientific investigation. The conference comprises nine symposia, six keynote addresses,140 poster presentations, and workshops for professional skill development. The Conference on Mismatch Negativity serves as a forum for building a community of researchers with interests in how our brains work in directing how we interpret the sounds that we hear. This is the first time that the conference is being held in the United States, and a major goal is to increase the involvement of US researchers in this community. Bringing together this community of scientists has potentially broad consequences for advancing scientific theories of how we hear and interpret language, music, and environmental sounds. Research on clinical disorders that may be partially caused by or may have an impact on how we hear and interpret sound will also serve to refine theories of how brain mechanisms underpin normal processing. Through the workshops and the web blog, the conference provides training and encouragement for students and young researchers to engage in this area of important research. Publication of a special issue containing invited contributions that focus on neurodevelopment of auditory processing will make conference content available to a wider audience.

不匹配负波是一种大脑电反应，它是用放置在人头皮上的电极记录下来的。 这些大脑反应是与处理刺激或事件相关的神经活动的结果。 被称为“失配负性”的反应通常用于评估大脑对正在进行的背景声音模式的背景下的声音变化的反应。 在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，纽约城市大学的瓦莱丽·谢弗博士与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的伊莉斯·萨斯曼博士合作，正在主持一个为期四天的会议，将不同群体的科学家、临床医生、博士后研究员和学生聚集在一起，他们使用或有兴趣使用大脑对语音和音乐等声音的不匹配负性反应。 他们感兴趣的基本问题，如在何种程度上不知觉的言语不同于知觉的非言语声音？ 人们如何利用环境声音来识别和定位物体？ 以及人们如何将多个声音分离成不同的对象（例如，音乐中的小号和萨克斯管）？ 失配负性研究揭示了声音的性质（例如，音高或音色）与收听者对声音的处理（例如，注意或忽略它们）影响对声音对象的感知。 研究问题还包括有临床症状的个体的声音处理，如诵读困难、精神分裂症、自闭症和昏迷。 临床人群的工作有助于了解正常的听觉功能。 例如，一个长期存在的问题涉及听觉处理和语言学习之间的关系，这个问题可以通过研究听力损失个体的感知来解决。 正在讨论的其他领域包括关于人们在生命早期与生命后期相比如何学习声音模式的问题（例如，在第二语言学习中），以及学习可塑性在整个生命周期中变化的程度。 该论坛允许与会者，包括学生，交流思想和促进合作，并讨论和分享使用这种大脑反应作为科学调查工具的最新研究进展。 会议包括9个专题讨论会，6个主题演讲，140个海报展示和专业技能发展研讨会。 负性不匹配会议是一个论坛，旨在建立一个研究人员社区，这些研究人员对我们的大脑如何指导我们如何解释听到的声音感兴趣。 这是该会议首次在美国举行，主要目标是增加美国研究人员对该社区的参与。 将这些科学家聚集在一起，对于推进我们如何听到和解释语言，音乐和环境声音的科学理论具有潜在的广泛影响。 对可能部分由我们如何听到和解释声音引起或可能对我们如何听到和解释声音产生影响的临床疾病的研究也将有助于完善大脑机制如何支持正常处理的理论。 通过研讨会和网络博客，会议为学生和年轻研究人员提供培训和鼓励，以从事这一重要研究领域。 出版一本特刊，其中载有重点关注听觉处理的神经发育的特邀贡献，将使会议内容提供给更广泛的受众。