US-France Collaboration: Exploratory Research on Artificial Immunity in High Speed Trains

美法合作：高速列车人工免疫探索性研究

• 批准号: 1157699
• 负责人: Dragan Djurdjanovic
• 金额: $ 1.32万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1157699&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; France; Collaboration; Exploratory; Research

The research objective of this project is to explore the feasibility of utilizing the emerging computational intelligence discipline of artificial immune systems (AIS) in the realm of diagnostics in high-speed trains. The proposed research will catalyze a strong research collaboration between Prof. D. Djurdjanovic?s team at the Univ. of Texas at Austin (UT) and Prof. N. Zehrouni?s team at the FEMTO-ST Institute of the Univ. of Franche-comté in Besançon, France (FEMTO-ST stands for Franche-comté Electronique Mécanique Thermique et Optique ? Sciences et Technologies).The researchers will leverage prior achievements of the UT team in the area AIS inspired diagnostics and on-going research by the French team in the area of predictive maintenance of TGV trains (TGV is a well-known French acronym for ?Trains à Grande Vitesse? ? ?High Speed Trains?). The team will explore the mechanisms of generation and distribution of ?immunity carriers? across various subsystems of a TGV train, as well as the interaction mechanisms between the immunity carriers and the monitored system that would lead to precedent-free isolation of subsystem(s) that behave abnormally. The term precedent-free here pertains to the ability to deal with anomalies that were not foreseen during the design stage and for which fault models or training data do not exist. Such capability will be analogous to the biological systems ability to detect and isolate antigens (viruses, bacteria) that have never been encountered before. In the final weeks of the project, the team will devise a follow up proposal that will aim at deepening our understanding and perfecting the AIS paradigm in high-speed rail (HSR) systems.Broader Impacts. In 2001, the US economy spent more than $1 trillion to maintain critical assets with more than 33% of these costs being wasted on ineffective maintenance (unnecessary repairs, repairs of wrong components, lack of spare parts etc.). The AIS paradigm pursued in this project addresses this tremendous societal need by exploring a new paradigm that promises to increase the resilience and improve operation of engineering systems in the future. The ability to deal with unprecedented faults will lead to reduced waste of resources due to more effective maintenance interventions, as well as the improved usage and productivity due to higher availability of equipment. In addition, our focus in high-speed trains has a significant broad impact all by itself. HSR systems have been shown in various parts of the world to yield increased energy efficiency, decreased emissions and automobile traffic, while increasing safety and reliability. Several studies on proposed HSR systems in the US show that, on the emissions side alone, HSR systems have the capability of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2.7 million metric tons and producing only 24% of the emissions of auto and air traffic (see Broader Impacts section of the proposal for details). It is the PI?s hypothesis that it is only a matter of time before HSR systems become much more prominent, and perhaps even prevalent in the US. The proposed research will be an important contribution to the scientific basis necessary for safe and cost-effective operation of these systems. Numerous potentials exist for extension and impact of the proposed research beyond HSR systems. These opportunities include computer and communication network security, product design improvement based on information from product?s AIS, diagnostics in various systems of the human body and, perhaps in the far future, augmentation of the human immune system with artificially engineered immunity carriers (T-cells, B-cells, leukocytes).

该项目的研究目标是探索在高速列车诊断领域利用人工免疫系统（AIS）的新兴计算智能学科的可行性。拟议的研究将促进D教授之间的强有力的研究合作。久尔贾诺维奇？德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究小组和N。泽鲁尼法国贝桑松弗朗什孔泰大学FEMTO-ST研究所的研究小组（FEMTO-ST代表弗朗什孔泰电子、机械、热能和光学？研究人员将利用UT团队在AIS启发的诊断领域的先前成就和法国团队在TGV列车预测性维护领域的持续研究（TGV是著名的法语首字母缩写，开往大维特斯的火车？? ?高速列车（High Speed Trains）该小组将探讨产生和分布的机制？免疫力携带者？TGV列车各子系统之间的相互作用机制，以及抗扰性载体和受监控系统之间的相互作用机制，这些机制将导致对行为异常的子系统进行无先例隔离。这里的术语无先例是指处理在设计阶段没有预见到的异常的能力，并且不存在故障模型或训练数据。这种能力将类似于生物系统检测和分离以前从未遇到过的抗原（病毒，细菌）的能力。在项目的最后几周，该团队将设计一个后续提案，旨在加深我们对高速铁路（HSR）系统中AIS范例的理解和完善。2001年，美国经济花费了超过1万亿美元来维护关键资产，其中超过33%的成本浪费在无效的维护上（不必要的维修，错误部件的维修，缺乏备件等）。本项目所追求的AIS范式通过探索一种新的范式来解决这一巨大的社会需求，这种范式有望提高未来工程系统的弹性和改善其运行。处理前所未有的故障的能力将导致更有效的维护干预减少资源浪费，以及由于设备可用性提高而提高的使用率和生产率。此外，我们对高速列车的关注本身就具有重大的广泛影响。世界各地的高铁系统已被证明可以提高能源效率，减少排放和汽车交通，同时提高安全性和可靠性。 对美国拟建高铁系统的几项研究表明，仅在排放方面，高铁系统就有能力减少270万公吨的温室气体排放，仅占汽车和空中交通排放量的24%（详见提案的更广泛影响部分）。是私家侦探吗？的假设，这只是一个时间问题，高铁系统变得更加突出，甚至可能在美国流行。拟议的研究将为这些系统的安全和具有成本效益的运作所需的科学基础作出重要贡献。许多潜在的存在的扩展和影响的拟议研究超越高铁系统。这些机会包括计算机和通信网络安全，产品设计改进的基础上，从产品的信息？的AIS，在人体的各种系统的诊断，也许在遥远的未来，增强人类免疫系统与人工工程免疫载体（T细胞，B细胞，白细胞）。