Science of Science and Innovation Policy: Principal Investigator Conference, 2007-2011 Awards

科学与创新政策：首席研究员会议，2007-2011 奖项

• 批准号: 1158773
• 负责人: Kaye Husbands Fealing
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: National Academy of Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1158773&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Science; Innovation; Policy; Principal; Investigator

In 2006, U.S. Science Adviser John H. Marburger, III called for a multidisciplinary approach to creating a solid evidentiary platform for science policy at national and sub-national levels, as well as the emergence of a field of science policy studies. Science and innovation policy practitioners have long had a keen interest in obtaining quantitative data and qualitative information that they could use to deliver more effective policy decisions. Researchers in several disciplines -- including chemistry, computer science, economics, engineering, political science, sociology, physicists, psychology, and visual analytics -- have for decades sought to push the boundaries of understanding various elements of the global ecological system of innovation. Heeding Dr. Marburger's call and heightened interests of practitioners and researchers, the National Science Foundation initiated the Science of Science and Innovation Policy program (SciSIP) to encourage basic research and to further the development of a community of practice in this field. Since the first awards were made in 2007, the SciSIP program has funded more than 150 researchers and their graduate students. The program has also spawned the STAR METRICS (Science and Technology for America's Reinvestment: Measuring the Effect of Research on Innovation, Competitiveness and Science) program, a collaborative effort between the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. The STAR METRICS program develops tools and mechanisms by which federal expenditures on scientific activities can be measured, with particular focus on quantifying productivity and employment outcomes. The fifth year of the SciSIP program, therefore, is a critical milestone and an opportune time to showcase its research productivity and contributions to many long-standing questions regarding investment in and organization of science, engineering and innovation activities in the U.S. and in other nations. In keeping with the goals of the SciSIP program, the National Academy of Sciences convenes a two-day public conference to foster intellectual exchange among funded researchers and between these researchers and science, technology and innovation policy practitioners. The conference is intended to be the largest gathering of SciSIP principal investigators since the program's inception. The SciSIP principal investigators conference features invited presentations and discussions, as well as poster sessions. Topics highlight advances in the emerging field of the science of science and innovation policy. In particular, models, frameworks, tools, and datasets comprising the evidentiary basis for science and innovation policy are the focus of the event, and presentations by SciSIP researchers fall under several themes, including: return on investment models; organizational structures that foster accelerated scientific productivity; linkages between commercialized scientific knowledge and job creation; the roles of universities and government in technology transfer and innovation; technology diffusion and economic growth; non-economic impacts of science and innovation expenditures; regional and global networks of knowledge generation and innovation; mechanisms for encouraging creativity and measuring outputs and outcomes from transformative research; and development, manipulation and visualization of data representing scientific activities. In addition to discussions and collaborations among the SciSIP researchers, an important benefit to the research community stems from discussions between researchers and leading practitioners. This network of scientists and practitioners constitutes a fruitful Petri dish that spawns exciting new scientific explorations in the SciSIP field.The National Academies prepares a summary report of the conference's presentations, roundtable discussions, and specific recommendations for future research and data-gathering, manipulation and visualization activities. Select papers are included in the appendix of the report. The report contains a glossary of published papers and reports in the SciSIP field, as well as links to archival datasets that were sponsored by the SciSIP program. This report constitutes a compendium of leading-edge research in this emerging field. Broader Impacts: The conference facilitates interdisciplinary discourse between researchers in several fields. It also fosters communication and learning between academicians and policymakers. This activity advances the development of the SciSIP community of practice. The summary report is also a useful guide to data and tools that practitioners may utilize in day-to-day policy decision-making activities. The conference is also a rich venue for graduate students who are writing dissertations in this field.

2006年，美国科学顾问约翰·H·马伯格三世呼吁采用多学科方法，为国家和国家以下各级的科学政策建立一个坚实的证据平台，并出现一个科学政策研究领域。长期以来，科学和创新政策实践者一直对获得量化数据和定性信息产生浓厚兴趣，他们可以利用这些数据和定性信息做出更有效的政策决策。几十年来，多个学科的研究人员--包括化学、计算机科学、经济学、工程学、政治学、社会学、物理学家、心理学和视觉分析--一直试图突破理解全球创新生态系统各种要素的界限。响应Marburger博士的号召和从业者和研究人员的浓厚兴趣，美国国家科学基金会发起了科学与创新政策计划(Science Of Science And Innovation Policy Program)，以鼓励基础研究，并进一步发展该领域的实践社区。自2007年颁发第一批奖项以来，本项目已经资助了150多名研究人员和他们的研究生。该计划还催生了STAR Metrics(科学和技术促进美国再投资：衡量创新、竞争力和科学研究的效果)计划，这是美国国家科学基金会和美国国立卫生研究院的合作努力。STAR指标计划开发工具和机制，可以用来衡量联邦在科学活动上的支出，特别是量化生产率和就业结果。因此，本项目的第五年是一个关键的里程碑，也是展示其研究效率和对许多长期存在的问题的贡献的好时机，这些问题涉及到美国和其他国家的科学、工程和创新活动的投资和组织。为了与本项目的目标保持一致，美国国家科学院召开了一次为期两天的公开会议，以促进获得资助的研究人员之间以及这些研究人员与科学、技术和创新政策实践者之间的智力交流。这次会议旨在成为自该计划开始以来规模最大的一次本科学计划主要研究人员的聚会。本项目主要研究人员会议的特点是应邀发表演讲和进行讨论，以及招贴会议。主题突出了科学科学和创新政策这一新兴领域的进展。特别是，构成科学和创新政策证据基础的模型、框架、工具和数据集是此次活动的重点，本计划研究人员的演讲涉及几个主题，包括：投资回报模型；促进加速科学生产力的组织结构；商品化科学知识与创造就业之间的联系；大学和政府在技术转让和创新中的作用；技术传播和经济增长；科学和创新支出的非经济影响；知识创造和创新的区域和全球网络；鼓励创造力和衡量变革性研究的产出和成果的机制；代表科学活动的数据的开发、操作和可视化。除了本科学计划研究人员之间的讨论和合作之外，研究人员和领先实践者之间的讨论也为研究界带来了重要的好处。这个由科学家和实践者组成的网络构成了一个富有成效的培养皿，在科学研究计划领域催生了令人兴奋的新的科学探索。美国国家科学院为会议的陈述、圆桌讨论和未来研究和数据收集、操纵和可视化活动准备了一份总结报告和具体建议。精选论文载于报告的附录。该报告包含了本科学计划领域发表的论文和报告的词汇表，以及与本计划赞助的档案数据集的链接。这份报告构成了这一新兴领域前沿研究的概要。更广泛的影响：会议促进了几个领域的研究人员之间的跨学科讨论。它还促进了院士和政策制定者之间的交流和学习。这项活动促进了本协会实践社区的发展。摘要报告也是实践者在日常政策决策活动中可能使用的数据和工具的有用指南。对于正在撰写该领域论文的研究生来说，会议也是一个丰富的场所。