Science Policy Research Report: Regulation, Deregulation, and Technological Innovation

技术创新被交替地作为管制和放松管制的理由。 监管和放松监管对创新的实际影响取决于若干因素，如监管的设计、受监管的具体行业以及监管的实施方式。 本研究报告总结了政策界的这一新兴文献，重点是对能源生产、销售和使用的管制和放松管制。 能源是一个非常大的经济部门，在过去的世纪中受到各种各样的监管，对经济和环境的未来至关重要。 该报告旨在通过使这些专家文献更容易获得和理解，促进国家健康，繁荣和福利，并改善监管政策决策。 它还在学者和决策者之间架起桥梁，确定了这一领域中决策者特别感兴趣的关键议题。该项目的研究涉及多个学科的文献回顾，包括经济学，公共行政，管理和政治学。它涵盖了所有相关的主要理论和概念框架，包括完全信息下的利润最大化，不完全信息，信息交换和讨价还价，不确定性下的行动，公共选择和监管捕获。对管制和放松管制的技术创新反应，特别是在能源工业，取决于观念和期望以及静态的经济和技术权衡。 为了更充分地了解对这一主题的循证知识的需求，并以一种可访问的方式更好地构建综合，研究人员正在对监管界的成员进行五到十次采访，例如监管机构的过去和现在的官员以及受监管企业，工会和公共利益组织的代表。

Technological innovation is alternatively provided as a rationale for regulation and for deregulation. The actual impact of regulation and deregulation on innovation depends on a number of factors, such as the design of the regulation, the specific industry being regulated and the way in which regulation is implemented. This research report summarizes this emerging literature for the policy community, with a focus on the regulation and deregulation of energy production, sale, and use. Energy is a very large economic sector that has been subject to a wide variety of regulations over the past century and is vital to the future of the economy and the environment. The report aims to advance the national health, prosperity and welfare and improve regulatory policy decision-making by making this expert literature more readily available and understandable. It also builds bridges between scholars and policy-makers by identifying key topics in this field that are of particular interest to the latter group. The research for this project involves reviewing literature across several disciplines, including economics, public administration, management, and political science. It encompasses all relevant major theoretical and conceptual frameworks, including profit maximization under perfect information, imperfect information, information exchange and bargaining, action under uncertainty, public choice, and regulatory capture. Technologically innovative responses to regulation and deregulation, particularly in the energy industry, depend on perceptions and expectations as well as on static economic and technological tradeoffs. To more fully understand the demand for evidence-based knowledge of this topic and better frame the synthesis in an accessible way, the researchers are conducting five to ten interviews with members of the regulatory community, such as past and present officials of regulatory agencies and representatives of regulated businesses, labor unions, and public interest organizations.