IRFP: Migration Conditions, Maternal Effects, and Offspring Performance in Pacific Salmon: Intergenerational Effects of Adult Stress

IRFP：太平洋鲑鱼的迁徙条件、母体影响和后代表现：成年压力的代际影响

• 批准号: 1158966
• 负责人: Amanda Banet
• 金额: $ 18.31万
• 依托单位: Banet Amanda I
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1158966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IRFP; Migration; Conditions; Maternal; Effects

The International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad. This award will support a twenty-four-month research fellowship by Dr. Amanda I. Banet to work with Dr. Scott G. Hinch at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. In recent years, sockeye salmon have experienced temperature and water velocities during migration that are higher than their historical average. This project examines the influence that the maternal environment during migration has on offspring swimming ability in migratory sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Recent work shows that sockeye salmon females that are physiologically stressed upon arrival at spawning grounds produce offspring with impaired swimming performance, which in turn can reduce migration success and make them more vulnerable to predation. This research disentangles the effects of maternal identity, external environment (migration conditions), and internal environment (stress hormones in utero) on offspring swimming performance by using offspring reared from females that experienced natural migrations, simulated migrations, and simulated maternal hormone treatments. Three main hypotheses are addressed: (1) High levels of maternal stress have persistent negative effects on offspring swimming performance, (2) maternal effects on offspring performance have an environmental component, and (3) deleterious maternal effects are exaggerated under stressful conditions.This project examines genotype by environment interactions and intergenerational effects in a rapidly changing habitat. Maternal effects are widely recognized in biology, but few studies have examined them in the context of changing climate and anthropogenic habitat degradation. Results from this project will contribute to the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, conservation biology, and physiology.Traditional management and conservation of migratory fish populations has relied primarily on facilitating reproduction. However, if deleterious maternal effects caused by a difficult migration environment persist into the next generation, then conventional recovery programs may not be enough to ensure the continued health and sustainability of a species. The results of these studies will provide information that will be invaluable to environmental managers making decisions affecting aquatic migratory species.

国际研究奖学金项目使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9至24个月的研究。该计划的奖励为联合研究提供了机会，并利用独特或互补的设施、专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持Amanda I. Banet博士与加拿大温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学Scott G. Hinch博士开展为期24个月的研究。近年来，红鲑鱼在迁徙过程中经历了高于历史平均水平的温度和水流速度。本项目研究了洄游红鲑洄游过程中母体环境对其后代游泳能力的影响。最近的研究表明，雌性红鲑鱼在到达产卵地时受到生理上的压力，会产生游泳能力受损的后代，这反过来会降低迁徙的成功率，使它们更容易受到捕食者的攻击。本研究通过使用经历过自然迁徙、模拟迁徙和模拟母体激素处理的雌性所饲养的后代，分析了母体身份、外部环境（迁徙条件）和内部环境（子宫内应激激素）对后代游泳表现的影响。本文提出了三个主要假设：(1)高水平的母亲压力对后代游泳成绩有持续的负面影响；(2)母亲对后代游泳成绩的影响有环境因素；(3)在压力条件下，母亲的有害影响被夸大。该项目通过环境相互作用和快速变化的栖息地的代际效应来研究基因型。母体效应在生物学中得到了广泛的认识，但很少有研究在气候变化和人为栖息地退化的背景下对其进行研究。该项目的研究成果将对进化生物学、生态学、保护生物学和生理学等领域做出贡献。传统的洄游鱼类种群管理和保护主要依赖于促进繁殖。然而，如果由艰难的迁徙环境造成的有害的母系影响持续到下一代，那么传统的恢复计划可能不足以确保一个物种的持续健康和可持续性。这些研究的结果将为环境管理人员作出影响水生迁徙物种的决定提供宝贵的信息。