Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Secret Police and State Violence under Authoritarianism

政治学博士论文研究：威权主义下的秘密警察与国家暴力

• 批准号: 1159259
• 负责人: Elizabeth Perry
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1159259&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

Why do authoritarian regimes use intense and indiscriminate violence against their citizens at some times and some places, but not others? Despite a wave of recent interest in authoritarian politics, social scientists lack an understanding of what drives variation in the scope and intensity of violent repression. Although we tend to think of authoritarian regimes as uniformly repressive and dependent on coercion to maintain power, the actual level and kind of force employed to do so varies widely. What explains this variation? The project attempts to answer the question posed above by analyzing patterns of state violence in pre-democratization Taiwan, South Korea and the Philippines, with reference to a larger set of cases of autocracy. Drawing on new statistics and original archival and interview evidence, the project chronicles the origins and evolution of the internal security apparatus in these three countries since 1945. It focuses on the organizational dynamics of coercive institutions and their effect on patterns of state violence, testing the hypothesis that how violence is organized has important implications for how it is employed. Preliminary research suggests that the theory explains variation in the scope and intensity of state violence over time and across these three countries in Asia; the current project will collect and analyze data to test whether the theory also explains additional variation observed at the sub-national and cross-national levels. The project's intellectual merit lies in its contributions to the study of authoritarianism and violent repression. A fuller understanding of the role played by coercive institutions in repression and state violence will inform contemporary scholarly and policy debates on authoritarian stability and democratization, human rights, and internal conflict. The project's broader impacts are associated with its potential importance not only to the scholarly community but also to policy-makers and practitioners promoting democratization.

为什么专制政权在某些时候和某些地方对其公民使用激烈和不分青红皂白的暴力，而在其他地方却不使用？ 尽管最近出现了一股对威权政治的兴趣，但社会科学家对是什么导致了暴力镇压的范围和强度的变化缺乏了解。虽然我们倾向于认为专制政权都是镇压性的，依靠胁迫来维持权力，但实际上，用来维持权力的武力的水平和种类有很大的不同。如何解释这种变化？ 该项目试图通过分析民主化前的台湾，韩国和菲律宾的国家暴力模式来回答上述问题，并参考了更大的独裁案例。根据新的统计数据和原始档案和访谈证据，该项目记录了自1945年以来这三个国家内部安全机构的起源和演变。它侧重于强制性机构的组织动力学及其对国家暴力模式的影响，测试暴力如何组织对如何使用暴力具有重要影响的假设。初步研究表明，该理论解释了随着时间的推移和亚洲这三个国家的国家暴力的范围和强度的变化;目前的项目将收集和分析数据，以测试该理论是否也解释了在次国家和跨国层面观察到的其他变化。 该项目的学术价值在于其对威权主义和暴力镇压研究的贡献。更全面地了解强制性制度在镇压和国家暴力中所扮演的角色，将为当代关于专制稳定和民主化、人权和内部冲突的学术和政策辩论提供信息。该项目的广泛影响与其不仅对学术界而且对促进民主化的决策者和实践者的潜在重要性有关。