Doctoral Dissertation Research: Making Hybrid Property: People, Trees, and Grafting in the Walnut-Fruit Forests of Kyrgyzstan

博士论文研究:制作混合财产:吉尔吉斯斯坦核桃果林中的人、树和嫁接

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1203103
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2012-06-15 至 2013-05-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This doctoral dissertation project considers the human relations with and especially property right and politics of grafted fruit trees in a center of agricultural origin for such trees in Central Asia. Property is central to the interactions of humans and nonhumans, but scholarship on property tends to be strongly anthropocentric: property is a relationship among people about a thing. Most research on property rights represent nonhumans (e.g. inanimate objects as well as non-human living beings such as trees) as passive and subordinate, to be moved among human owners. But people are not so clearly in control of property regimes, nor are people and things so easily separated as this schema suggests. The objective of this project is to provide an analysis of property relationships in and around Kyrgyzstan's walnut-fruit forest, an ecosystem of international conservation and horticultural importance in a relatively understudied part of the world. The trees of this forest, walnut, apple, plum, cherry, pear, grow in untended profusion in some places, but, through the horticultural practice of grafting, can be transformed into the dependable inhabitants found in gardens and orchards around the temperate world. Since the 1930s human labor has scattered thousands of grafted trees throughout the forest, where they bear bigger, tastier, and more valuable fruit than their ungrafted neighbors. Using a suite of methods including participant observation, interviews, oral histories, document review, and the mapping of the distribution of grafted trees in and around the forest, this project addresses the role of these trees in property regimes through three key questions: 1) How are things owned and accessed by various actors in the forested and cultivated spaces of southern Kyrgyzstan? 2) How does grafting work in and around Kyrgyzstan's walnut-fruit forests? 3) How does the horticultural potential of the forest affect the politics of access to its resources? The investigators expect to demonstrate the ways in which grafted and ungrafted trees act differently, and with different consequences for how the forest is owned and accessed. By considering the place of the grafted tree on the shifting terrain of post-Soviet property, this project has potential implications for the fields of political ecology, science and technology studies, social theory, human-environment interactions, and research on the post-Soviet world.This project seeks to reframe property institutions as accomplishments of people and things, only achievable through their collective efforts, and no longer as ways for humans to distribute the fruits as passive items. By focusing on grafting, a horticultural practice that shapes the forested landscape and people's use of it, this work draws attention to an intimate interaction between humans and plants with material effects on local livelihoods and the genetic identity of the forest. The project will demonstrate that smallholder concerns that their access rights to the trees are threatened by conservation interests and other exogenous interventions that wish to conserve them without human intervention, threatens both their livelihood as well as the maintenance of the trees which are nature-society hybrids. Plans for academic and non-academic dissemination via conferences, publications and reports in the US as well as in Kyrgyzstan are included. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.
本博士论文项目考虑了人类与中亚农业起源中心嫁接果树的关系,特别是嫁接果树的产权和政治。财产是人类与非人类之间互动的核心,但对财产的研究往往是以人为中心的:财产是人们之间关于一件事的关系。大多数关于财产权的研究都将非人类(例如无生命的物体以及树木等非人类生物)视为被动和从属的,在人类所有者之间移动。但是,人们并不那么清楚地控制着财产制度,人与物也不像这个图式所暗示的那样容易分离。该项目的目标是分析吉尔吉斯斯坦核桃林及其周围的财产关系,核桃林是世界上一个相对未得到充分研究的地区的一个具有国际养护和园艺重要性的生态系统。这片森林的树木,核桃,苹果,李子,樱桃,梨树,在某些地方生长得很茂盛,但是,通过嫁接的园艺实践,可以转化为温带世界花园和果园中的可靠居民。自20世纪30年代以来,人类的劳动使成千上万的嫁接树散布在整个森林中,它们结出的果实比未经嫁接的邻居更大,更美味,更有价值。使用一套方法,包括参与者观察,访谈,口述历史,文件审查,并绘制森林内外嫁接树木的分布图,该项目通过三个关键问题解决这些树木在财产制度中的作用:1)吉尔吉斯斯坦南部森林和耕地空间的各种行为者如何拥有和使用物品?2)在吉尔吉斯斯坦的核桃林及其周围,嫁接是如何进行的?3)森林的园艺潜力如何影响获取其资源的政治?研究人员希望展示嫁接树和未嫁接树的不同行为方式,以及对森林拥有和使用方式的不同影响。通过思考嫁接树在后苏联时代财产变迁中的地位,该项目对政治生态学、科学技术研究、社会理论、人与环境的相互作用以及后苏联时代世界的研究等领域都有潜在的意义。该项目试图将财产制度重新定义为人与物的成就,只有通过集体努力才能实现,而不再是人类将果实作为被动物品分发的方式。这项工作的重点是嫁接,这是一种塑造森林景观和人们使用它的园艺做法,它提请人们注意人与植物之间的密切相互作用,对当地生计和森林的遗传特性产生了重大影响。该项目将表明,小农担心他们对树木的使用权受到保护利益和其他希望在没有人为干预的情况下保护树木的外来干预的威胁,这既威胁到他们的生计,也威胁到对自然-社会混合体树木的维护。包括通过在美国和吉尔吉斯斯坦举行的会议、出版物和报告进行学术和非学术传播的计划。 作为博士论文研究改进奖,该奖项还将提供支持,使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
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Matthew Turner其他文献

Applications of Integrated Gradients in Credit Risk Modeling
积分梯度在信用风险建模中的应用
Promoting evidence-based management of anemia in cancer patients: concurrent and discriminant validity of RESPOND, a web-based clinical guidance system based on the EORTC guidelines for supportive care in cancer
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00520-009-0718-z
  • 发表时间:
    2009-11-11
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.000
  • 作者:
    Joanna Van Erps;Matti Aapro;Karen MacDonald;Pierre Soubeyran;Matthew Turner;Hans Warrinnier;Tara Albrecht;Ivo Abraham
  • 通讯作者:
    Ivo Abraham
Evaluation of Commercial Kit Based on Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Low Levels of Uninjured and Injured <em>Salmonella</em> on Duck Meat, Bean Sprouts, and Fishballs in Singapore
  • DOI:
    10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-535
  • 发表时间:
    2015-06-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Hazel Sin Yue Lim;Qianwang Zheng;Marta Miks-Krajnik;Matthew Turner;Hyun-Gyun Yuk
  • 通讯作者:
    Hyun-Gyun Yuk
The Histologic Outcomes of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules with RAS Mutations: A Case Series
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jasc.2022.07.126
  • 发表时间:
    2022-11-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Dorbin Abendano;Mackenzie Jones;Matthew Turner;Christopher Sullivan;Maria Cecilia Reyes
  • 通讯作者:
    Maria Cecilia Reyes
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Fostemsavir in Heavily Treatment-Experienced People With HIV-1.
Fostemsavir 在经历过大量治疗的 HIV-1 患者中的疗效和安全性比较。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.2
  • 作者:
    S. Anderson;A. van Doornewaard;Matthew Turner;I. Jacob;A. Clark;D. Browning;M. Schroeder
  • 通讯作者:
    M. Schroeder

Matthew Turner的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Matthew Turner', 18)}}的其他基金

Dynamic coupling in sloshing systems with multiple baffles.
具有多个挡板的晃动系统中的动态耦合。
  • 批准号:
    EP/W006545/1
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Structured adaptive estimation: reliable "grey box" adaptation
结构化自适应估计:可靠的“灰盒”自适应
  • 批准号:
    EP/W014661/1
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Enhanced Control Methods for Aerial and Space Vehicles Equipped with Limited Force Actuators
配备有限力执行器的航空航天器的增强控制方法
  • 批准号:
    EP/X012654/1
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
At the limits of adaptive systems: constrained adaptive control
自适应系统的极限:约束自适应控制
  • 批准号:
    EP/N00924X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Weather Risk, Climate Adaptation and Farmer Decision Making in the Southwestern United States
博士论文研究:美国西南部的天气风险、气候适应和农民决策
  • 批准号:
    1459175
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Farmer-Herder Conflict, Environmental Change, and Institutional Response in Mali
博士论文研究:马里的农牧冲突、环境变化和制度应对
  • 批准号:
    1130081
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Mixed and active membranes
混合膜和活性膜
  • 批准号:
    EP/I005439/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
Doctoral Dissertation Research - Making Markets for Environmental Governance - the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
博士论文研究 - 为环境治理创造市场 - 新西兰排放交易计划
  • 批准号:
    0848444
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Knowledge-Discourse-Practice Nexus of Ecological Restoration: Integrating Diversities
博士论文研究:生态恢复的知识-话语-实践关系:整合多样性
  • 批准号:
    0802627
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The Changing Social Production and Consequences of Land Quality Variation in Rural Africa
非洲农村社会生产的变化和土地质量变化的后果
  • 批准号:
    0648075
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 0.91万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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