Doctoral Dissertation Research - Making Markets for Environmental Governance - the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme

本论文项目由科学、技术与社会计划资助，以市场环境治理为例，考察新西兰排放交易计划（NZ-ETS）的发展，以了解科技知识在环境政策制定中的作用。新西兰政府最近宣布建立一项排放交易计划，这是一项雄心勃勃的尝试，旨在利用市场作为气候变化政策的工具。这一温室气体监管框架的建立是第一次在全国范围内尝试建立经济范围的温室气体监管。在新西兰碳排放交易体系内调节温室气体（GHGs）的过程集中在为以前未被承认和未被估价的商品（即每一种温室气体的二氧化碳当量许可）建立一个市场结构。因此，实施以市场为基础的温室气体监管同时依赖于气象科学和经济科学的知识。这个项目解释了这些科学和技术知识如何指导环境政策的形式和功能。拟议研究的智力价值在于将科学研究和政治经济学的方法结合起来，以便更好地理解技术-科学知识在环境治理中的作用。温室气体的全经济监管计划的创建，以及农业温室气体作为监管对象的独特材料特性，对现有的新环境治理机构如何发展的描述提出了有趣的挑战，并为探索新的基于市场的环境治理工具的构建、设想和影响提供了重要机会。该项目通过对参与温室气体测量的科学家、政府政策分析师、经济顾问和顾问的访谈，结合对政策和行业咨询文件、科学论文和报告的分析，了解该政策计划如何调动特定的科学和经济知识来减少温室气体排放。更广泛的影响在于有能力为新西兰和其他国家未来气候变化政策的发展提供信息，因为它们不可避免地要减少农业的温室气体排放。由于新西兰的案例是将农业和土地利用纳入国家温室气体监管制度的首批尝试之一，该项目提供了对建立基于市场的温室气体监管的挑战和突发事件的洞察。为了使参与采访的对象以反身性的方式参与，为参与的公共服务部门政策分析人员举办了合作会议。

This dissertation project funded by the Science, Technology & Society Program examines the development of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ-ETS) as a case of market-based environmental governance in order to understand the role of techno-scientific knowledges in environmental policymaking. The New Zealand government recently announced the establishment of an emissions trading scheme that constitutes an ambitious attempt to use markets as instruments of climate change policy. The creation of this regulatory framework for greenhouse gases is the first national-scale attempt to create economy-wide regulation of greenhouse gases. The process of regulating greenhouse gases (GHGs) within the NZ-ETS centers on the creation of a market structure for a previously un-recognized and un-valued commodity (i.e., a permit for the carbon dioxide equivalent for each GHG). As such, the implementation of the market-based regulation of GHGs simultaneously depends upon knowledges from both the meteorological and economic sciences. This project explains how these scientific and technical knowledges direct the form and function of environmental policies.The intellectual merit of the proposed research rests on the integration of approaches from science studies and political economy to better understand the role of techno-scientific knowledges in environmental governance. The creation of an economy-wide regulatory scheme for greenhouse gases and the distinctive material properties of agricultural greenhouse gases as an object of regulation pose interesting challenges to existing accounts of how new institutions of environmental governance develop and an important opportunity to explore the construction, imaginaries, and effects of new market-based instruments for environmental governance. The project uses interviews with scientists involved in the measurement of greenhouse gases, government policy analysts, and economic advisors and consultants in conjunction with analyses of policy and industry consultation documents and scientific papers and reports in order to understand how this policy program mobilizes particular scientific and economic knowledges in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The broader impact lies in the capacity to inform the development of future climate change policies both within New Zealand and in other countries as they inevitably move to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. As the New Zealand case offers one of the first attempts to include agriculture and land use in a national regime of GHG regulation, this project provides insight into the challenges and contingencies of creating market-based regulations for greenhouse gases. In an effort to engage participating interview subjects in a reflexive manner, a collaborative conference is held for participating policy analysts in public service departments.