"Doctoral Dissertation Research: How Power Affects Empathy"

jane Sell和Tony LoveTexas a&m university .[摘要]博士论文研究：权力如何影响共情本研究探讨了权力、性别和预测人类行为能力之间的关系，这种现象与共情密切相关。具体来说，这项研究回答了这样一个问题：预测他人行为的能力更受权力、性别还是两者结合的影响？该项目以社会心理学文献和非语言交流作用的跨学科研究为基础。之前的研究发现，女性比男性更有同理心，也更能预测他人的行为。对这些发现的一种可能的解释是，女性是在社交环境中学会如何移情的，而男性则被教导要贬低这种能力。另外，女性可能是更好的预测者，因为她们通常处于权力较小的位置。因此，女性了解到，预测更有权势的人的行为对她们有利。因为平均而言，男性在社会、经济和身体上比女性更强大，男性可能会认识到，通过预测他人的行为，他们自己的生活不会受到有意义的影响。本研究将通过对参与权力平衡和权力不平衡任务的参与者进行实验研究，探讨权力和性别的影响。更广泛的影响这项研究让我们了解了权力差异如何影响人与人之间的互动。这个项目的研究结果可能会引起公众、雇主和决策者的兴趣。研究结果还可能对男性和女性如何谈判职业关系产生影响。研究结果将有助于现有的研究，以确定角色扮演的准确性是个体属性的函数还是结构位置的函数。

SES-1203474Jane Sell and Tony LoveTexas A&M UniversityAbstractDoctoral Dissertation Research: How Power Affects EmpathyThis study examines the relationship between power, gender, and the ability to predict human behavior, a phenomenon closely related to empathy. Specifically, this study answers the question: Is the ability to predict another person's behavior more affected by power, by gender, or a combination of both? The project is grounded in social psychological literature and interdisciplinary research on the role of non-verbal communication. Previous research has found that women are more empathetic and are better able to predict the behavior of others than are men. One possible explanation for these findings is that women are socialized how to be empathetic, whereas men are taught to devalue this ability. Alternatively, women may be better predictors because they usually hold less powerful positions. Thus, women learn that predicting the behavior of more powerful others can benefit them. Because men are, on average, more socially, economically, and physically powerful than women, men may learn that their own lives are not affected meaningfully by predicting the behaviors of others. This study will explore the effects of power and gender by conducting an experimental study of participants engaged in power-balanced and power-imbalanced tasks. Broader ImpactsThis study informs our understanding of how power differentials shape interactions between people. Findings from this project may be of interest to the general public as well as employers and policy makers. Findings may also have implications for how men and women negotiate professional relationships. Findings will contribute to extant research by discerning whether accuracy in role-taking is a function of individual attributes or structural position.