Atmospheric Inputs and the Photochemical Transformation of Brominated Flame Retardants in Arctic Surface Waters

溴化阻燃剂（BFR）在环境中无处不在，并且能够通过远距离过程（即全球蒸馏）输送到北极。拟议的研究将测量空气和水中的BFR浓度，并研究在Toolik湖长期生态研究站（LTER）地表水体中存在溶解有机物（DOM）和光的情况下控制它们命运的过程。具体目标包括：1。1 .测量图力克湖LTER空气和水体中的BFR水平；2 .在Toolik LTER收集、分离并阐明水体中DOM的结构和光解性质；3 .研究BFR对DOM的划分，评估DOM的组成在这一过程中的作用；利用太阳模拟器和Toolik湖的自然光照测量在DOM存在和不存在的情况下BFR发生直接和间接光解的程度；5. 鉴定BFR光转化产生的反应产物；and6。阐明在DOM存在下控制BFR光转化的反应途径。该项目将研究BFR环境途径，这是北极食物链中这些物质生物积累的关键环节。它将主要为博士生提供实验室和后勤支持，并在夏季实地考察期间为本科生助理提供支持。研究人员计划一个积极的外展计划，包括与LTER校园计划和ARCUS对接，研究生将维护一个研究博客。

Brominated flame-retardants (BFR) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment and capable of being transported to the arctic by long-range processes (i.e., global distillation). The proposed research would measure BFR concentrations in air and water, and study processes that control their fate in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and light from surface water bodies at the Toolik Lake long-term ecological research (LTER) station. Specific objectives include:1. measure BFR levels in air and water bodies at the Toolik Lake LTER;2. collect, isolate, and elucidate the structural and photolytic properties of DOM from water bodies at the Toolik LTER;3. study BFR partitioning to DOM and assess the role of DOM composition on this process;4. measure the degree to which direct and indirect photolysis occurs for BFR in the respective presence and absence of DOM using solar simulators and natural sunlight at Toolik Lake; 5. identify the reaction products produced by the phototransformation of BFR; and6. elucidate reactive pathways that control the phototransformation of BFR in the presence of DOM. This project would study a BFR environmental pathway that is a critical link in the bioaccumulation of these substances in the arctic food chain. It would primarily provide lab and logistical support for a doctoral student, and would also support an undergraduate assistant during the summer field season. The investigators plan an active outreach program including interfacing with the LTER Schoolyard program and ARCUS, and the graduate student would maintain a research blog.